文化再生产模式与文化流动模式的争辩:惯习在不公平教育结果的角色

A Debate between the Mode of Cultural Reproduction and the Mode of Cultural Mobility:The Role of Habitus in Education Inequity

文化资本观点对不公平教育结果提供深入的洞见,此种理论阐述学校如何成为复制社会阶级权力结构的环节,并且此种连结是透过学校偏好高阶文化而产生。一些学者认为,这种文化再生产模式往往漠视环境差异化对文化资本作用的影响,因为情境的竞争强度与文化资本回报率构成负相关。文章剖析这两种模式的要点,并指出其共同缺失是过度聚焦于文化资本,致使忽视社会空间与惯习的关联性,以及惯习如何影响学生的学习表现。尽管中上阶级能将经济资本转化成文化资本,但这类教育资源是用以发展子女的学术性惯习,以确保他们的教育成就。这种关联性显示,惯习是构成社会阶级权力结构的核心因素,如此,研究者应聚焦于如何发展劳工阶级孩童的学术性惯习。

The concept of cultural capital provides profound insight into the inequality in education with its interpretation onhow and why social class power structure consistently reproduces itself through schools that favor the highbrow culture of middle and upper classes.This cultural reproduction mode,according to some scholars,underestimates the effects of environmental differences on cultural capital as the competitive intensity of the environment is negatively correlation to the rate of return of cultural capital.This paper makes an analysis of the mode of cultural reproduction and the mode of cultural mobility,and points out that both modes over emphasize the cultural capital and neglect the relationship between social space and habitus and how habitus affects students learning performances.Though the middle and upper class has the ability to convert economic capital into cultural capital,the education resources serve for cultivating students academic habitus and help them to make achievement.This means that habitus is the core element of social class power structure.In view of this,educational researchers should shift their focus from cultural capital to habitus and explore how to develop the academic habitus of working class students.