侗族村寨聚居空间演变特征分析——以贵州黎平高寅侗寨为例

Analysis of Evolution Characteristics of Settlement Space in Dong Minority Community——Taking Gaoyin Dong Minority Community in Liping County,Guizhou Province as an Example

以贵州省黔东南州黎平县九潮镇高寅侗寨为典型案例,从农户宅基地利用视角,对侗族村寨用地规模及其内部特征、空间演变过程及其形态特征进行研究.研究结果表明,1990年以来高寅侗寨宅基地扩张面积占总面积的比例达到70%以上,户均宅基地面积维持在170m2左右,高寅侗寨宅基地扩张具有加速蔓延趋势且新修房屋正逐步放弃传统木瓦结构,偏好砖混结构;农户宅基地的居住功能在不断加强,而生产功能(主要是圈舍养殖等)正逐步趋于弱化,内部结构正趋于简单化、集约化;近三十多年高寅侗寨用地存在着先沿"歌堂"内向"填充",后向"风雨桥"外向扩展的演变过程,体现了侗族村民依山傍水的建房理念.

In this paper,we take the case of Gaoyin Dong Minority Community in Jiuchao Town,Liping County,Guizhou Province,as a typical case.From the perspective of the peasant household s homestead land use,the scale of homestead land use and its internal characteristics,spatial evolution and its morphological characteristics in Gaoyin Dong Minority Community have been studies in this paper.The results show that the proportion of homestead land expansion in the total area has reached more than 70%in Gaoyin Dong Minority Community since 1990,and the average of the peasant household s homestead land area has remained 170m 2.The expansion of homestead land has the tendency of accelerating and spreading in Gaoyin Dong Minority Community,and newly built housing more and more choose brick structure and give up the traditional shingle structure.The residential functions of peasant homesteads are constantly strengthening while the production functions are gradually weakening and the internal structure tends to be simplified and intensive.In the recent thirty years,there is an evolutionary process from along the“Getang”introverted filling to outward expansion of the“Fengyuqiao”,this tendency embodies the“Yi Shan Bang Shui”building concept of Dong Minority.