欧盟创业教育评价的类型、工具与发展趋势

The Main Types, Tools and Development Trends of Evaluation and Assessment of Entrepreneurship Education Driven by European Union

随着创业教育发展从初期阶段的关注实体(即创建企业的数量)走向当前的关注价值创造(即个体发展水平),创业教育评价越来越关注个体发展水平评价,评价主体也日趋多元。当前欧盟创业教育评价主要有"以学生为评价主体""以教师为评价主体"以及"以机构为评价主体"等三种评价类型。针对这三种类型,欧盟又分别开发并推广了"创业教育评价工具和指标"项目、"创业教育测量工具"项目和"高等教育机构创业评价"项目这三种典型评价工具。未来欧盟创业教育评价将强调基于创新创业素养的评价、从"关于学习"的评价转变为"为了学习"的评价,并着眼于创业教育大、中、小学一体化。

As the trend of entrepreneurship education has shifted from emphasizing on the number of venture creation to value creation,the evaluation and assessment of entrepreneurship education tends to be more focused on individual development.Meanwhile,the subjects of assessment tend to be more diverse.The current evaluation and assessment of EU entrepreneurship education mainly includes three types,namely“students-centered evaluation”,“teachers-centered evaluation”and“institutions-centered evaluation”.At the same time,EU has developed and promoted“the Assessment and Indicators for Entrepreneurship Education”(ASTEE),“the Measurement Tool for Entrepreneurship Education”(MTEE)and“A self-assessment Tool for Higher Education Institutions”(HE Innovate)respectively as typical assessment tools under each type.In the future,the trends of evaluation and assessment of EU entrepreneurship education will be entrepreneurship competence-based,and be transformed from“about learning”into“for learning”,and meanwhile be focused on entrepreneurship education integration of primary and secondary schools and universities.