新中国成立初国立安徽大学教育学科发展钩玄

The History of Educational Discipline in National Anhui University in Early New China

新中国成立初期,国立安徽大学保留的安徽省唯一一个教育学科,经不断发展,成为如今安徽多所高校教育学科的源头。期间,国立安徽大学教育学科的布局进行了调整,成立教学机构,培养专门人才;师资队伍不断完善,遴选了教育学科带头人,优化了教师的年龄和专业结构,规范了行政管理,为学科发展理顺了关系;教育学科的人才培养重视新生招录、课程改革和学业考核等各个环节,人才培养硕果累累;教育学科的学术研究特色鲜明,也渐有起色。国立安徽大学教育学科建设既继承了原来的优良传统,又顺应了时代发展趋势。国立安徽大学教育学科的嬗变不仅为该学科自身发展奠定了基础,而且为当代中国教育学科的发展做出了自己应有的贡献。

In 1949,the Higher Education Department of the Military Management Committee in Nanjing discussed with the Ministry of Education of the East China Military and Political Committee and the both parties together made an important decision that National Anhwei University and Provincial Anhwei College would be merged into a new national Anhui University at Wuhu,the original site of Provincial Anhwei College.National Anhui University retained the only educational science discipline in Anhui Province.After more than sixty years,the educational science discipline has experienced ups and downs,and becomes the alma mater of this discipline in Anhui Province today.In early New China,the layout of the educational discipline of national Anhui University underwent important adjustments.It integrated the teachers and students of the Department of Philosophy and Education of National Anhwei University and the Teacher's Specialized Courses of Provincial Anhwei College.The above two teaching institutions had close ties.The new university leaders of national Anhui University held several meetings to discuss the adjustment of the disciplines and finally make a decision.The colleges of the original university and affiliated units were revoked,including colleges of literature,science,law,and agriculture.This profound decision challenged the original university organization and established a new"University-Department"two-level vertical structure.The departments controlled by the college was loosened and each department,which directly managed by the university,had equal status.Then,according to the degree of similarity of disciplines,the departments of Provincial Anhwei College were merged into relevant departments that were National Anhwei University.Between different disciplines,they achieved“autonomous organization”and the new Department of Education was established,which was for the training of teacher talents in Anhui Province.After a strict selection,national Anhui University hired Ma Ketan to be the discipline leader of the Department of Education.Filled with patriotism,he possessed excellent leadership skills and admirable academic achievements.He devoted his efforts to the development of the Department of Education.His reform measures won supports from teachers and students in the Department.Under his leadership,he promoted the rejuvenation of the faculty,and made efforts to achieve a balance of specializations of faculties.In order to adapt to the new"University-Department"twolevel vertical structure in national Anhui University,he took certain measures to strengthen the administrative capacity and standardize the administrative management at the department level.Teacher Talent cultivation in national Anhui University attached importance to both results and the training process.The admissions of freshmen strived to achieve procedural transparency,the fairness of process and careful registration.The curriculum reforms paid attention to the ideological and political education of teacher students,practiced the multi-grade teaching method and implemented the first-line teaching interning for all teacher students.As for the academic assessments,the standard adopted in the era of the Republic of China was still in use--college graduates were required to pass the four-year grades,successfully passed the graduation exam,and completed a highquality undergraduate thesis.Later,national Anhui University transitioned to the new China’s Provisional Regulation for Higher Education Institutions.National Anhui University’s new Department of Education possessed distinctive characteristics,and its academic research showed gradual improvements,which was reflected in two aspects:mapping out the development of a normal college,and regulating off-campus internship of teacher students.At this juncture,national Anhui University was readjusted,and resumed the original three-level organizational structure of"university-college-department".In short,the construction of educational science discipline not only inherited fine traditions,such as the preservation of the discipline of psychology in Anhui Province.The educational science discipline in Anhui University answered to the call of the development trend of the times,and the teacher student education combined theories with extracurricular teaching practice.The cultivation of talents in the educational discipline had achieved great gains.Many undergraduates served teachers'colleges at all levels in Anhui Province.Among them,Wang Cesan and Jiang Ming were the most influential representatives in the field of education.These changes had not only laid foundations,but also made contributions to the contemporary Chinese educational disciplines.