师范院校百年发展中的“师范”坚守与时代流变

The Adherence to Normal Nature and the Evolution from the Times in the Past Hundred Years' Development of Normal Institutions

在师范院校百余年的发展进程中,从培养模式来看,早期师范教育以封闭式培养为主,交织着综合模式,当前形成了师范院校为主体、其他高校共同参与的开放性教师教育体系;从课程设置来看,师范教育早期课程带有鲜明的师范特色,但师范性与学术性的争论却不断,当前甚至出现了教育类课程弱化、师范院校"去师范化"的不良发展势头;从师范院校层次来看,师范院校整体升级,但教师培养的质量并没有因此得到根本性提升。师范院校能否及如何坚守"师范"属性,是一个需要引起足够关注与重视的时代命题。

In the course of over 100-year development,the normal institutions have changed greatly.First,the talent cultivation mode has evolved from a closed one or a comprehensive one at the early stage to an open education system in which the normal institutions play a dominating role while other universities also play a part.Second,the curriculum in the past had a distinctive feature of teacher-training,but the debates on its normal and academic nature have never been ended.At present,there is even a trend of weakening educational courses and the normal nature.Third,the normal institutions have been upgraded,but the quality of teacher training has not been radically enhanced.Therefore,whether the normal institutions can adhere to the normal nature is still an issue that needs to be paid enough attention to in this era.