间充质干细胞治疗急性肝损伤:肝脏归巢率及定向分化能力

Mesenchymal stem cells for acute liver injury: homing to the liver and directed differentiation

背景:肝病是导致全球死亡率和发病率上升的主要原因。间充质干细胞具有自我更新、高增殖、多向分化、无免疫原性等特点,在治疗急性肝损伤中显示出极大的优势。目的:对间充质干细胞治疗急性肝损伤的移植途径、治疗安全性、有效性及潜在风险做一简单综述。方法:检索万方数据库、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和PubMed数据库2010至2017年文献,检索词为"肝损伤,间充质干细胞,细胞移植"和"mesenchymal stem cells,acute liver injury,cell transplantation"。排除重复、陈旧的观点,对61篇文献进行总结分析。结果与结论:(1)间充质干细胞治疗急性肝损伤的文献主要集中在基础研究和动物实验;(2)间充质干细胞的移植途径可能对治疗效果有一定影响;(3)间充质干细胞治疗急性肝损伤的机制主要有旁分泌效应、细胞转化和免疫调节3个方面;(4)改善间充质干细胞的肝脏归巢率和肝细胞的定向分化能力可能是急性肝损伤治疗的发展趋势。

BACKGROUND:Liver disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity that are rising globally.Mesenchymal stem cells are characterized with self-renewal,high proliferation,multi-directional differentiation and no immunogenicity.Mesenchymal stem cells exhibit great advantages in the treatment of acute liver injury.OBJECTIVE:To briefly conclude the transplanted routes,safety,efficacy and potential risks of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of acute liver injury.METHODS:We retrieved relevant articles published from 2010 to 2017 in the WanFang,CNKI and PubMed databases.The key words were“mesenchymal stem cells,acute liver injury,cell transplantation”in Chinese and English,respectively.After removal of the repetitive and old views,61 eligible articles were further analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Researches on mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of acute liver injury mainly concentrate on fundamental studies and animal experiments.The transplanted routes of mesenchymal stem cells may influence the therapeutic effect of transplanted cells.The mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cells are used to treat acute liver injury focus on paracrine effect,cell transformation and immunoregulatory effect.It is a developmental tendency to improve the homing rate of mesenchymal stem cells to the liver and hepatic differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells,which maybe provides a new strategy for treatment of acute liver injury.