德治还是法治:差序格局中社会治理的规则选择——基于公众态度的视角

Rule of Morality or Rule of Law: the Rule Choice of Social Governance In the Pattern of Differential Order——Perspective Based on Public Attitudes

社会秩序的实现需要规则的制约和规范。中国差序格局的社会结构中,不同群体选择不同的规则进行治理。本文从公众态度的视角,运用定量研究方法,研究公众对差序人群中社会治理方式的选择,并从个体特征、法律观、道德观及侵害特征方面分析其影响因素。结果表明:第一,差序格局中从内群体到外群体的治理规则逐步由以道德为基础的非正式规则向以法律为基础的正式规则转变。第二,侵害发生可能性与群体关系密切程度成反比、对法律平等性认同较低的女性个体,在亲人群体中偏好道德控制;第三,年龄较大、对法律公正性认同较低、受侵害次数较少且与关系密切程度成反比的女性个体,在朋友群体中倾向选择道德控制;第四,年龄较大、教育程度较高、受侵害风险性较低且与关系密切程度成反比的未婚女性个体,倾向于在熟人群体中选择道德控制;第五,家庭经济地位较低、对法律公正性认同度低而对法律平等性认同度较高的个体,在陌生人群体中侧重选择法律控制的方式。

the realization of social order needs regulation and regulation.In the social structure of Chinese differential pattern,different groups choose different rules to govern.From the perspective of public attitude,this paper applies quantitative research method to study the public's choice of social governance mode in the differential population,and analyzes its influencing factors from the aspects of individual characteristics,legal values,moral values and infringement characteristics.The results show that:first,the governance rules in the differential order pattern from the inner group to the outer group gradually change from the informal rules based on morality to the formal rules based on law.Second,the possibility of infringement is inversely proportional to the group relationship,and female individuals with low legal equality identity prefer moral control in the family group.Thirdly,older women with low identification of legal fairness,less frequency of violation and an inverse proportion of the close degree tend to choose moral control in the group of friends.Fourthly,unmarried female individuals who are older,have higher education level,have lower risk of invasion and are inversely proportional to the close degree,tend to choose moral control in the acquaintance group.Fifth,individuals with lower family economic status,lower recognition of legal fairness and higher recognition of legal equality focus on the way of legal control among strangers.