中国农民合作经济组织的发展与创新(1978-2018)

The Development and Innovation of Rural Economic Collectives in China(1978-2018)

改革开放40年来,中国农民合作经济组织取得了较大的发展,成为带动农户进入市场的基本主体、发展农村集体经济的新型实体和创新农村社会管理的有效载体。中国农民在实践中发展了不完全符合罗虚代尔原则的合作社类型,如农机合作社、土地股份合作社、农村社区股份合作社、企业领办合作社等,可以说是中国农民合作社在发展中的创新。供销合作社也以发展合作社及县乡两级联合社为重要改革内容,成为中国合作社发展的重要力量。在乡村振兴战略实施过程中,合作社需要进一步发挥重要作用,因此,建议制定《合作社法》,容纳各种合作社类型;鼓励合作社之间的再合作;在广大农民中普及合作社文化。

Since the rural reform 40 years ago,remarkable progress has been made in the rural economic collectives in China,and they have become an important vehicle for rural households to enter the market,and a new and effective entity to develop the rural collective economy and innovate the rural social governance.The novel types of rural collectives were developed by Chinese peasants different to some extent from Rochdale's type in practice such as machinery collective,farmland stock collective,rural community stock collective,enterprise-led collective and so on:all are the innovations of collective development in China.Supply and marketing collectives have become the mainstay of the Chinese collective reform with development collectives and county-township dual-level collectives as the major reform targets.Rural collective will play an important role in the national rural rejuvenation.Therefore,it is suggested that the Collective Law be instituted,to cover multi-types of collectives,to encourage the further mutual help between various collectives,and to publize the collective culture.