城市群视角下中国农村居民收入不平等研究

On Income Imparity among Rural Residents under City Group Angle

本文从具有经济意义的城市群切入,以单个农户家庭为基本计算单元,考察1986—2014年间中国农村地区农户收入不平等的动态演变趋势,并进行空间分解探讨组内及组间收入不平等的贡献率。研究结果表明:城市群地区和非城市群地区的农村居民收入不平等均呈现缩小—拉大—缩小的周期性变化趋势,而在长三角及珠三角城市群农村居民收入不平等要高于其他城市群地区,并出现进一步拉大趋势。城市群地区收入不平等增速高于非城市群地区,同时非城市群与城市群农村地区对收入不平等影响是显著的,并且两者的收入不平等对总收入不平等的贡献率有显著变化,地区内部收入不平等进一步集中在城市群地区,区域就业类型是重要影响因素。未来需要进一步采取措施控制中国农村地区的收入不平等,政策制定应该兼顾城市群地区与非城市群农村地区,同时要避免劳动力、资本等要素过度集中到城市群核心区域,引导资本向城市群边缘村庄流动。

Starting from the city group with economic significance,and with individual rural households as counting units,this paper examined the dynamic changing trend of Income Imparity among Rural Residents during 1986-2014,and the contribution rates of income imparity within and between differ.ent groups on the basis of spatial division.The result showed that income imparity in both the city group areas and non-city group areas displayed the periodic changing pattern of“narrowing-widening-narro.wing”.And the income imparities of rural households in both the Yangtz River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta Region became more serious than those in other city group regions.The growth rate of rural household income imparity in the city group regions was greater than in non-city group regions.Both the city and non-city group region exerted significant influences on the rural household income disparity.The income disparity in both regions contributed to the total income disparity with obviously different rates.The income disparity within the region was more concentrated in city group regions and the regional employment types were important influence factors.The paper argued that in future further measures should be taken to bring the income disparity in rural areas in China under control,and that policy-making should take into account of the difference between city and non-city group regions,a.voiding the concentration of labor forces and capitals in city group regions and giving due guidance in transfering the resources to non-city group regions.