农村集体成员代表诉讼的法理逻辑与制度构造

The Legal Logic and Institutional Structure of the Rural Collective Members' Representative Action

集体成员代表诉讼制度对保护农村集体财产具有重要价值。农村集体作为特别法人具有团体人格,代表诉讼之价值即是纠正团体人格异化,二者在团体法逻辑上实质契合。由于立法不完备和司法的弱救济,侵犯集体财产权的现象频发且普遍游离于司法审查之外,亟需赋予集体成员提起代表诉讼的权利。但是,在集体成员代表诉讼中,原本集受害人、代言人和受益人"三位一体"的原告构造发生解体,集体成员陷入成本收益严重失衡的激励困境。为此,农村集体成员代表诉讼的法律构造应以增加集体成员的诉讼激励为旨归,创设各种具体规则提高原告的预期净收益,激励集体成员积极起诉以实现保护集体财产权益的立法目标。

Constructing the system of the rural collective member's Representative Action is of great value for protecting the rural collective assets.In the logic of the group law,the rural collective organization,which has the group personality,corresponds substantially to the legal value of Representative Action,which is to correct the alienation of the group personality.Because of the imperfection of the legislation and the weak relief of judicature,the phenomenon of infringing the rural collective assets happens frequently and is generally outside Judicial Review.It is urgent to endue the rural collective members with the right of beginning Representative Action.However in Representative Action,the plaintiff’s structure of“Trinity”,which involves the victim,the spokesman and the beneficiary,has disintegrated,and the rural collective members have been trapped in a serious imbalance of Cost and Profit.So,the legal structure of the rural collective membersRepresentative Action should be aimed at increasing the stimulation on the action of the rural collective members,creating specific rules to improve the expected income of the plaintiff,and encouraging the rural group members to sue actively,to eventually achieve the legislative goal of protecting the rural collective assets.