中蒙边境口岸的发展问题及对策思考

Development problems of the trading ports in the Sino-Mongolian border region and possible solutions

中国-蒙古边境15个口岸所在区域虽然地上、地下、人文资源比较丰富,但因处于北温带和北寒带的交汇地带而受生态环境影响较大,东部口岸因自然条件好、交通建设起步早而与西部口岸的交通建设形成较大的反差,由此也形成口岸对所在区域发展的促进作用呈东强西弱之势。从绝大多数中蒙边境口岸运行近30年的情况来看,口岸商贸交流与合作功能大于文化交流功能,中蒙边境口岸中方三省区缺乏合作机制。中蒙口岸建设发展中应以处理好保护与利用生态资源的关系为前提,建立中方新疆、甘肃、内蒙古三方联动机制,保持东部与西部口岸平衡发展及各口岸特色建设则是口岸发展的动力;注重口岸与所在乡镇互融共生,将口岸区域建设成为宜居宜游的边陲小镇则是口岸发展的产业基础;在国家层面促进中蒙外交关系的友好发展,形成中蒙边境口岸的共同发展的外部条件。

The Sino-Mongolian border region with 15 trading ports is fairly rich in above-ground resources,underground resources and human resources but it is under the ecological impacts due to its location at the cross-section of the North Temperate Zone and the North Frigid Zone.The trading ports in the east are better than those in the west and they can better promote the regional development due to their better natural surroundings and traffic conditions.The operation of these trading ports in the past thirty years reveals that their commercial and cooperative functions are stronger than their cultural functions.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Gansu Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China have no efficient cooperative mechanism for these trading ports.The keys to the construction of efficient trading ports there include the following:a good relationship between the protection and utilization of ecological resources on the basis of a good cooperative mechanism,a balanced development between the east trading ports and western trading ports with their own characteristics,a good integration of these trading ports with the local towns and townships,and the construction of the border towns with distinctive features and livability;at the national level,it is necessary to promote the friendly development of Sino-Mongolian relations and lay a good diplomatic foundation for the common development of these trading ports.