云南四大少数民族剧种传承与发展研究

On the inheritance and development of four ethnic minority operas in Yunnan

在民族文化艺术土壤中滋养、在内地戏曲文化的影响下形成的云南四大少数民族剧种,既有中华戏曲综合性特点,又各具个性,其传承具有群体性特点。全球化背景下的时代变迁和社会转型,使云南四大少数民族剧种面临传承环境消失、传承主体分化解体、传承队伍后继乏人、观众流失、市场缺位等窘境。传承与发展云南四大少数民族剧种,要以政府为主导,出台全省性民族剧种传承发展规划;坚持科学有效传承;加强院团建设,建立剧目生产保障机制;注重对业余剧团的扶持,建立观众培养、市场培育与剧种传播机制等多层次多渠道的保护传承体系。

The four ethnic minority operas in Yunnan,nourished in the local ethnic minority cultures and art and formed under the influence of Han opera culture,have both the integrated characteristics of Chinese opera and their individual characteristics,and their inheritance has group characteristics.The historical changes and social transformation against the background of globalization make these four operas face such plights as the worsening environment of inheritance,the disintegration of leading inheritors,a lack of qualified successors,a loss of the audience and the market.Their successful inheritance and development rely on the following:the government should take the leading role in constructing a complete system of protection and inheritance and create a good cultural ecology for the survival of these operas;it is necessary to work out a plan for their inheritance and development in a scientific and effective way,establish an insurance mechanism for their production through innovation and strengthen the teamwork improvement and government support for the amateur troupe,construct an audience-based and market-oriented transmission mechanism with the support from all walks of life.