生命政治反抗资本统治的三重原则——从奈格里的激进政治解读出发

The three principles for biopolitics to resist the domination of the capital: Antonio Negri's radical political interpretation

奈格里认为,当代左翼思想家往往把生命政治解读为掌控生命的权力,却相对忽视了其中蕴含的主体性政治力量。生命政治的主体性反抗与资本统治相对立,这种反抗主要体现在资本统治的三个原则之上:价值标准、权力形式、私有财产制度。在价值层面,生命政治生产创造了特殊的使用价值,无法进行量化计算,不能直接作为交换价值出现在资本市场中;在权力层面,生命政治活动展现了主体性的自由,在逻辑上它的存在先于权力统治,其反抗也超越了权力所设定的范围;在私有财产层面,生命政治劳动具有自主性,可以全面占有自身的劳动成果。生命政治的主体性反抗构成了当代社会运动的理论表征,寻求当下改变世界的道路首先要揭示这种反抗的内在本质。

Negri thinks that the contemporary leftist thinkers tend to interpret biopolitics as the power to control life,but ignore the political power of the subjectivity of biopolitics.The resistance of the subjectivity of biopolitics which produces and exists in capitalist society is opposed to the domination of the capital.The relationship of the resistance is mainly reflected in such three principles of the domination of the capital as the value standard,the power form,and the system of the private property.At the value level,the production of biopolitics creates the special use value which can’t be traded as an exchange value in the market of capital through quantitative calculation.At the power level,the activity of biopolitics shows us the freedom of the subjectivity,which means that logically speaking,its existence is prior to the power of the domination and its resistance transcends the range set by the power.At the private property level,the labour of biopolitics is autonomous and it can occupy all the production of the labour.The resistance of the subjectivity of biopolitics constitutes the theoretical representation of the social movement in the modern times,and we must reveal the essence of the resistance at first before exploring the ways of changing the world.