央地事权划分争议解决的法律程序路径——以协商程序制度为中心

Legal procedure path of settlement of central-local administrative authority division disputes: Centered on the consultative procedure system

法律程序对于我国央地事权划分争议之解决具有重大价值。在可供选择的两种程序制度中,司法解纷程序受到国情现实与本身属性的诸多限制而力有不逮,而协商程序则具有制度属性、制度理念、制度效果与制度环境等方面的独特优势,理应成为央地事权划分争议解决机制的最优选择。在协商制度设计方面,可以在全国人大常委会之下设置"央地关系委员会"作为央地事权划分争议的协商平台,从提请主体、受理范围、前置审查、参与主体、共识达成等几个方面进行具体的程序设置,并借由协商过程的公开性保障协商的有效性,选择与协商民主存在结构性耦合的软法作为"协商共识"的载体。

The legal procedure is of great value to the settlement of central-local administrative authority disputes in China.The judicial mechanism is not feasible because it is limited by the reality of the national conditions and its own attributes.And the negotiation procedure with advantages in terms of system attribute,system concept,system effect and system environment should be the procedural mechanism of resolving central-local administrative authority division disputes.In the design of consultation system,we need to set up a"Central-local Relations Committee"in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress as a consultative platform for central-local administrative authority division disputes.And specific procedures should be established from several aspects,such as the subject of request for dispute resolution,scope of acceptance,pre examination,determining the participants and consensus reached.And we can ensure the effectiveness of negotiation through the openness of the negotiation process.In addition,we should choose the soft law which has structural coupling with negotiation procedure as the carrier of"consensus of negotiation".