所有制-国家角色双重调整下的资本主义及其困境

Capitalism in dilemma: Under the condition of the double adaptations of ownership system and state role

资本主义自工业革命发展至今历经了繁荣和萧条的交替,马克思对资本主义的深入剖析客观上促进了资本主义调整。历史上资本主义经过两次重大调整:一是所有制的调整,二是国家角色的调整。两次调整不同程度激活了社会创造力和平衡力,其理论上支持了从古典自由主义向新自由主义的转向。调整取得了部分成功,但仍然没有解决成本外部化难题,反而产生了巨大的债务危机、尖锐的社会冲突和滋生了右翼民粹主义。所有制和国家的双重调整受制于顶层设计,难言成功。

Since the Industrial Revolution,Capitalism has alternately undergone two distinguished situations,namely prosperity and depression,with Carl Marx’s critique accelerating the adaption of capitalism in itself.Capitalism in history has gone through two important adaptations:one is adaptation of ownership,and the other that of state role.The two adaptations have,to different degrees,activated the social creativity and balancing capacity,which supported the theoretical turning from classical liberalism to neo-liberalism.The adaptations have achieved partial success,but left unsolved such tough problems as externalization of cost,which resulted in huge crisis of debt,sharp social conflicts and Right-wing Populism.The double adaptations of ownership system and state role are subjected to top-level design.Therefore,it’s hard to tell whether it has been a failure or a success.