新疆地区人感染H7N9禽流感病例流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Xinjiang,China

目的描述和分析新疆人感染H7N9禽流感病例流行病学特征,为新疆地区防控人感染H7N9禽流感提供理论依据和防控建议。方法收集2014年1月至2017年12月新疆地区人感染H7N9禽流感病例13例的流行病学信息,分析疾病的三间分布特征。结果新疆地区13例人感染H7N9病例死亡11例,病死率84.61%,男女性别比2.25∶1,发病年龄介于35-83岁之间,平均年龄62.8岁。病例发病时间集中在夏季至冬季,发病地点以乌鲁木齐市最多。大部分病例均有禽类暴露史。发病至诊断时间间隔位于6～16d之间,平均10d。发病到死亡间隔时间位于5～21d之间,平均发病到死亡天数为11d。结论 60岁以上男性是新疆地区人感染H7N9禽流感病例高危人群,应建议其避免禽类暴露。提高医院医生对于H7N9禽流感病例的早期识别,早诊断,早用抗病毒药物治疗,降低病例死亡风险。

In order to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human avian influenza A(H7N9)epidemic in Xinjiang,and provide scientific basis and suggestion for the control and prevention of the disease,the epidemiological information of 13 human avian influenza A(H7N9)cases reported from January 2014 to December 2017 was collected.The epidemic distribution of the cases was analyzed.Results showed that of the 13 cases in Xinjiang,10 cases were died and the mortality rate was 76.92%.The proportion of sex was 2.25∶1.The age of onset ranged from 35 to 83 years and the average age was 62.8 years.The cases were ranged from summer to winter,and the majority of the cases was in Urumqi.Most cases have exposure history of avian.The mean time from onset to diagnose was 10 d(6-16 d),and that from onset to death was 11 d(5-21 d).In conclusions,men over 60 years old were the high risk population of human infection with H7N9 avian influenza in Xinjiang,and they should be advised to avoid poultry exposure.To reduce the death of cases,we should improve the capability of doctors to accomplish diagnosis,treatment and use of antiviral drugs at early stage.