信阳地区小麦赤霉病发生与春季降水的相关性分析

Correlation between Occurrence of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Spring Rainfall in Xingyang Area

为探索江淮麦区小麦赤霉病发生与春季降水间的关系,准确预测小麦赤霉病发生危害的趋势,对信阳地区近12 a春季降水与小麦赤霉病发病率进行相关性分析。结果发现,抽穗前3月降水量和灌浆期5月中旬降水量与当年小麦赤霉病流行关系密切,相关系数分别为0.529和0.641。3月降水较多(≥36 mm),特别是中下旬降水较多时,赤霉病菌子囊壳形成较多,为赤霉病的流行创造了有利条件,5月中旬降水量增多则加重赤霉病的发生。3月降水较少时(<36 mm),赤霉病菌子囊壳形成较少,一般不会引起大流行。另外,赤霉病易于流行年份中(3月降水≥36 mm) 4月雨日数与赤霉病发生有密切关系,相关系数为0.576。在生产中,应密切关注3月的降水量,结合中长期天气预报,适时做出赤霉病是否大流行的判断,并及早采取防治措施,有效降低赤霉病危害。

In order to explore the relationship between the occurrence of Fusarium head blight(FHB)of wheat and the spring precipitation in Jianghuai wheat region,and to accurately predict the tendency of the disease prevalence,the correlation between the spring precipitation in Xinyang in recent 12 years and the incidence rate of FHB was analyzed.The data showed that the amount of precipitation in March(before heading)and in the middle of May(filling period)was closely related to the prevalence of the disease,and the correlation coefficients were 0.529 and 0.641 respectively.When the amount of precipitation in March was more than 36 mm,especially more in late March,more perithecia were produced,which might favor the epidemic of the disease,simultaneously,with the increase of the rainfall in the middle of May,the disease was more serious.On the contrary,the incidence of the disease decreased as the rainfall in March was less than 36 mm.In addition,the number of rainy days in April was closely related to the occurrence of the disease in disease epidemic years,with the correlation coefficient of 0.576.In practice,more attention should be paid to the rainfall in March,and the possibility of the prevalence of FHB would be estimated timely in combination with medium and long term weather forecasts.The preventive measures might be adopted at an earlier stage to reduce the potential damage caused by FHB effectively.