地表水中石油类监测技术的研究与建议

Research and suggestions of oil monitoring technology in surface water environment

当前国内外相关标准中规定的地表水中石油类样品的采样方式均难以保证样品代表性;国内外不同原理的地表水中石油类的监测分析方法均有局限性,单一的分析测试方法难以完全有效反映地表水中油类污染的现实情况。为解决地表水中石油类样品的采集和分析难题,全面反映地表水中石油类物质的污染状况,建议将现行地表水环境质量标准中"石油类"监测指标一分为三:其一为"水面油膜",采用光学法进行测定;其二为水中溶解态的"芳烃类",采用荧光法或紫外法对其进行测定;其三为水中溶解态的"石油类",采用红外分光光度法进行测定。

The domestic and foreign standards of oil monitoring in surface water are researched.Some problems of sampling and analysis method are put forward.It is hard to get representative water samples by using current standards.Each analysis method has its limitations because of different theories.So it is hard to reflect oil pollution in surface water exactly by one analysis method.In order to solve these problems and exactly reflect oil pollution in surface water,some suggestions are put forward.Oil index in current environmental quality standards for surface water could be divided into three relevant indexes.The first is oil film,measured by optical method.The second is soluble aromatics,measured by fluorescence method or UV spectrophotometry method.The third is soluble oil,measured by infrared spectrophotometry method.