云南省普通小麦育成品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

Compositions of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits of Inbred Wheat Varieties/Lines in Yunnan Province

为深入了解云南省建国以来普通小麦育成品种(系)的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成情况,利用SDS-PAGE电泳技术对152份云南省1950s以来普通小麦育成品种(系)HMW-GS组成和变异进行了分析。结果表明:(1)云南省普通小麦在Glu-A1位点具有N(56.58%)和1(43.42%)2种亚基类型,在Glu-B1位点具有7+8(42.11%)、7+9(34.87%)、6+8(0.66%)、14+15(7.24%)、17+18(13.16%)和13+16(1.97%)6种亚基类型,在Glu-D1位点具有2+10(5.26%)、2+12(54.61%)、5+10(24.34%)和5+12(15.79%)4种亚基类型;(2)云南省普通小麦HMW-GS组合类型比较丰富,共出现27种亚基组合类型,其中"N,7+8,2+12"、"N,7+9,2+12"、"1,7+8,2+12"与"1,7+9,5+10"较多,出现频率分别为20.39%、9.87%、7.89%和7.89%;(3)云南省各个时期育成品种(系)的HMW-GS品质评分基本维持在4.50左右,1990s以后育成的品种(系)中优质亚基5+10出现的频率随普通小麦育成时期的推移而逐渐增加。由此可见,云南省普通小麦的HMW-GS在Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1位点上表现出丰富的多态性,共有12种HMWGS等位变异,包括13+16、2+10和5+12三种稀有亚基类型和27种亚基组合类型;对加工品质具有正效应的优质亚基17+18和5+10频率较小,缺乏优质亚基2*。因此,在云南省普通小麦的品质改良中应加强优质亚基2*、17+18和5+10引入及合理应用。

In this paper,we detected the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS)of wheat varieties/lines from Yunnan Province since 1950s,and Provide evidence for wheat quality breeding in Yunnan Province.The compositions and variation of HMW-GS controlled by the Glu-1 of 152 inbred varieties and lines in Yunnan Province were analyzed using the method of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).Results showed that:two allelic variations,the subunits N and 1,with frequencies of 56.58%and 43.42%,respectively,were detected at Glu-A1;six allelic variations,the subunits 7+8,7+9,6+8,14+15,17+18 and 13+16,with frequencies of 42.11%,34.87%,0.66%,7.24%,13.16%and 1.97%,respectively,were detected at Glu-B1;four allelic variations,the subunits 2+10,2+12,5+10 and 5+12,with frequencies of 5.26%,54.61%,24.34%and 15.79%,respectively,were detected at Glu-D1.A total of 27 combination types were observed in inbred wheat varieties/lines of Yunnan Province.Among them,‘N,7+8,2+12’,‘N,7+9,2+12’,‘1,7+8,2+12’and‘1,7+9,5+10’appear more frequent,with frequencies of 20.39%,9.87%,7.89%and 7.89%,respectively.The HMW-GS subunit quality score of all varieties/lines in Yunnan was around 4.50.The frequency of good quality subunit 5+10 increased gradually with the breeding period in bred varieties and lines after 1990s.A fairly high level of genetic variation at Glu-1 locus was observed,12 different alleles,including three rare compositions 13+16,2+10 and 5+12,were identified at the Glu-A1,Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci,respectively,and 27 combination types were observed in inbred wheat varieties and lines of Yunnan Province.The good quality subunits 17+18 and 5+10,which have positive effects on processing quality,have less frequency,and there is a lack of good quality subunit 2*at the same time.Therefore,the introduction and rational application of high quality subunits 2*,17+18 and 5+10 should be strengthened in the quality improvement of common wheat breeding in Yunnan province.