基于水足迹理论的水资源评价——以河北省张家口市宣化区为例

Assessing Water Resources Based on Theory of Water Footprint——A Case Study in Xuanhua District,Zhangjiakou City,Hebei Province

[目的]河北省张家口市是2022年北京冬季奥运会雪上项目的举办地,其中宣化区是当地重要工业区,对当地用水和水质有举足轻重的影响。对宣化区水资源情况进行分析,旨在保障冬奥会顺利进行。[方法]采用水足迹理论对张家口市宣化区2007—2014年的农业、工业和生活用水情况进行分析,并结合水量、水质评价其水资源短缺状状况。[结果](1)宣化区2007—2014年平均蓝水足迹5.77×10~7 m^3,且工业占比最大;绿水足迹年平均值为9.90×10~6 m^3,全部来源于农业。(2)以COD为主要污染物排放指标核算该地区灰水足迹,年平均灰水足迹为4.22×10~7 m^3。(3)根据年平均水量型缺水指标(Iblue为3.55)和年平均水质型缺水指标(Igrey为0.51)可知,宣化区属于严重水量型缺水地区,且水质型缺水情况日益明显。[结论]从宣化区用水现状来看,当地亟需优化产业结构,提高非常规水源利用率,改善区域水资源治理模式。

[Objective]Zhangjiakou City of Hebei Province is the host city of snow events for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.Xuanhua District in Zhangjiakou City is an important industrial area that has a decisive influence on local water use and water quality.The analysis of water resources in Xuanhua District,is crucial for the smooth progress of the Winter Olympic Games.[Methods]This study analyzed water use of agricultural,industrial and daily life in Xuanhua District from 2007 to 2014 by using water footprint theory.[Results]①The average blue water footprint was 57.650 million m 3,and industrial sector was the largest consumer.The average green water footprint was 9.900 million m 3,and it all came from agricultural sector.②The average grey water footprint was 42.235 million m 3 based on the COD indicator.③According to the average water quantity scarcity index(I blue is 3.55)and the average water quality scarcity index(I grey is 0.51),Xuanhua District was a serious water shortage area,and the water quality scarcity was getting worse.[Conclusion]According to the condition of water resources in Xuanhua District,it is urgent to optimize the industrial structure,improve the utilization rate of unconventional water resource and improve local water management strategies.