40年来我国城镇化的演变特征及未来发展思考——基于产业转移与劳动力流动的视角

Thoughts on the Evolution Characteristics and Future Development of Urbanization in China in the Past 40 Years——From the Perspective of Industrial Transfer and Labor Flow

改革开放40年来,我国劳动力流动经历了由离土不离乡—东南流—回流的转变,产业布局体现为由乡镇企业异军突起—东部产业集聚—产业内迁的演变;受此影响,我国城镇化道路也形成了由20世纪80年代小城镇发展模式—90年代集中型城镇化模式—21世纪以来城市体系分散化的趋势。当前产业内迁与劳动力回流趋势促使城镇化重心偏向落后农村区域,因此,城镇化发展重点要由大城市到乡村振兴转变,城镇化的空间布局要由集中的城市区域向分散的农村地区延伸,这将成为改善城镇化结构与区域趋同发展的契机与出发点。

In the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,China′s labor mobility has undergone a transformation from"leaving the land but not the home"to"migrating to East and South"then to"returning to inland".The industrial layout has experienced the evolution from"the emergence of township enterprises"to"industrial agglomeration in the east"to"industrial migration to inland areas".Affected by this,China′s urbanization road has also formed a trend from"the development model of small towns in the 1980s"to"the centralized urbanization model in the 1990s"then to"the decentralization of the urban system since the 21st century".The current trend of intra industry migration and labor force reversion has pushed the focus of urbanization towards backward rural areas.Therefore,the focus of urbanization development should be changed from big cities to rural revitalization,and the spatial distribution of urbanization should be extended from centralized urban areas to decentralized rural areas,which will become the opportunity and starting point for improving urbanization structure and regional convergence development.