两周社会崇尚威仪之风的兴衰及其观念之演进

The Rise and Fall of Social Trend to Advocate Weiyi and the Evolution of Its Concepts in Zhou Dynasties

西周时期呈现出崇尚威仪的文化风尚,威仪更多的是贵族阶层的身体礼仪规范,具有鲜明的社会性、政治性。春秋以降,礼乐的道德内核丧失,趋于形式化、虚伪化和工具化,威仪被严重的异化。战国时期,威仪之学在儒门演变为容礼之学,儒门后学内向人心、性情,追寻容礼的情感依据,并从此角度阐发容礼对个人的成德意义,强调内在德性与外在礼容的和谐统一,从而使容礼成为君子修身成德之方式和用以教化百姓的工具。

During Western Zhou Dynasty,Weiyi was advocated by the noble class and therefore became a kind of cultural vogue.Weiyi mostly demonstrated the bodily rituals and standards of the noble class and possessed distinctive social and political attributes.From the Spring and Autumn Period,the moral core of Li and Yue got lost,making Li and Yue formalized,hypocritical and mechanized,and Weiyi was seriously alienated.During the Warring States Period,the study of Weiyi changed into study of Rongli in Confucianism.The Confucian scholars pursued the emotional basis for Rongli from the inner heart and temperament,expounded the significance of Rongli to the individual′s virtue growth,emphasizing the unity between the inner virtue and the outer rituals and manners,and therefore made Rongli a way for gentlemen to cultivate themselves and a vehicle to educate the masses.