重构家计:转型社会的家庭研究理路

Reconstructing Householding:The Approaches of Family Studies in the Transitional Society

"转型社会"对于家庭研究的意义何在,是长期被学界所忽视的问题。一直以来,中国家庭研究对于转型社会有着两种彼此疏离的认识,一是聚焦国家与市场对家庭的冲击与依托,二是关注个体于家庭的脱离与回归。追溯并考察卡尔·波兰尼的经典转型社会理论,《巨变》中存在着一条关注家计的叙事线索,表现为个体命运因为家庭的瓦解,而同国家与市场的隐显关联为整体的研究命题。新自由主义在20世纪70年代兴起,促使家庭的外部世界与内在秩序发生转型,家庭展开了再制度化。学界重拾对家计的关注,研究命题逐渐分离为"国家—市场与家庭"以及"个体与家庭"。家计的重构催生了家庭研究对于转型社会认识的分野。

The meaning of“transitional society”for family studies is long neglected by the academic circle.For a long time,family studies in China have two separate understandings for transitional society.One of them focuses on the influence and support of state and market for families.The other emphasizes on the breakaway of individuals from families and the return of them to families.Retrospecting and reviewing Karl Polanyi s classic theory on transitional society,this paper finds out a narrative clue about householding in The Great Transformation:Because of the disintegration of householding,individual fate is associated with the state and market,and this association forms an integral research proposition.The rise of new liberalism in the 1970s led to the transformation of the outer world and inner order of families,and thus families were institutionalized again.Researchers focused again on householding,and their propositions were gradually separated into two areas:“state-market and family”and“individual and family”.It is the reconstruction of householding that causes the dividing of the understandings of family studies about transitional society.