欧洲自然哲学传统中的生物学机遇解释

The Explanation on the Biological Chance in the Traditional European Natural Philosophy

在古希腊自然哲学中,关于生命过程中的机遇问题就有所讨论。古希腊朴素唯物主义时期,偶然性便被认为是生命系统不可避免的属性,是一个不确定的因素;中世纪目的论中的机遇解释,受到基督教神学的影响,在神学目的论的基础上承认存在机遇事件; 17世纪末物种固定论开始展露头角,以神学为基础,解释了物种灭绝、杂交等机遇性事件;这些机遇解释都对现代生物进化理论产生了影响。通过将欧洲自然哲学传统的生物学机遇解释的历史进行线性梳理,旨在突出机遇解释在生物学中的重要性。

The questions around chance in the process of life were discussed frequently in ancient Greek natural philosophy.Contingency was regarded as an inevitable attribute of life system and an uncertain factor in ancient Greece;In medieval age,the interpretation of chance was influenced by Christian theology,and people beliefs that events with chance are based on the theological teleology;At the end of the 17th century,the theory of species fixation based on theology emerged and be used to explain the events with chance such as species extinction and hybridization;Finally,the impact of these explanations on modern biology chance is summarized in this paper.By reviews and organizes the history of the interpretations about biological chance in the natural history of Europe,this paper try to highlight the importance of chance interpretation in biology.