机械深施肥处理对超级稻产量和根系空间分布的影响

Effects of Mechanical Deep Fertilization Treatment on Yield and Root Distribution of Super Rice

在大田试验条件下,以常规超级稻品种玉香油占和超级杂交稻品种天优998为试验材料,研究了机械深施肥处理对超级稻产量和根系空间形态分布的影响。结果表明,深施肥处理下超级稻品种的平均产量较人工撒施处理和不施肥处理分别提高7.72%和15.37%,差异显著,产量提高主要得益于千粒重的提高;深施肥处理下超级稻品种孕穗期≥15 cm根层的根系体积较人工撒施处理提高41.25%,较不施肥处理提高100.78%;根系干质量较人工撒施处理和不施肥处理分别提高84.11%和139.19%,差异显著。深施肥处理较人工撒施处理和不施肥处理显著提高抽穗扬花期0～5 cm根层根系体积(31.99%和42.43%)和根系总体积(26.60%和34.39%);显著提高成熟期≥15 cm根层的根系体积(142.62%和158.56%)和根系干质量(104.20%和163.87%)。

In order to study the effects of mechanical deep fertilization treatment on grain yield and root distribution of super rice,a field experiment was conducted by using conventional super rice varieties Yuxiangyouzhan and super hybrid rice varieties Tianyou 998 as materials,the yield and its components,the root volume and dry weight of root in 0~5 cm,5~10 cm,10~15 cm and≥15 cm soil,and total root volume and dry weight of root were study.The results showed that,compared to artificial fertilization and no fertilizer treatment,the yield of mechanical deep fertilization treatment were significantly increased by 7.72%and 15.37%respectively,as a consequence of 1 000-grain weight significantly increased.At booting stage,the root volume of≥15 cm soil of mechanical deep fertilization treatment was increased compared to artificial fertilization treatment,root volume was increased by 100.78%significantly compared to no fertilizer treatment;total root dry weight was significantly improved by 84.11%(compared to artificial fertilization treatment)and 139.19%(compared to no fertilizer treatment).At flowering stage,the root volume at 0~5 cm soil of mechanical deep fertilization treatment was significantly increased by 31.99%(compared to artificial fertilization treatment)and 42.43%(compared to no fertilizer treatment),the total root volume was significantly enhanced by 26.60%(compared to artificial fertilization treatment)and 34.39%(compared to no fertilizer treatment).At mature stage,the root volume at≥15 cm soil of mechanical deep fertilization treatment was significantly increased by 142.62%(compared to artificial fertilization treatment)and 158.56%(compared to no fertilizer treatment),the total root dry weight was significantly enhanced by 104.20%(compared to artificial fertilization treatment)and 163.87%(compared to no fertilizer treatment).