儿童急性呼吸道感染的病原学及流行病学调查分析

Etiology and Epidemiological Investigation of Acute Respiratory Infection in Children

目的探究儿童急性呼吸道感染的流行病学和病原学。方法选取2016年4月～2018年2月本院收治的儿童急性呼吸道感染患儿796例,利用酶联免疫吸附法测定呼吸道病原体的7项IgM抗体。结果在796例患儿中有522例存在病原体,检出率为65.58%,其中检出率最高的病原体是MP,之后是ADV以及INFB;合并两种以上病原体感染患儿有148例,主要合并感染的病原体为MP+INFB、MP+ADV、MP+INFB+ADV、PIV+MP、MP+RSV;病原体在季节阳性率检出上,冬季和秋季相对较高,夏季春季较低。四季差异最大的病原体有INFA、RSV、MP以及PIV,对比差异显著,具有统计学意义(P <0.05);1岁以下患儿病原体检出率最高,其次为1～3岁、3～9岁以及9～13岁。低于3岁的婴幼儿病发率高于学生和上幼儿园的患儿。结论儿童急性呼吸道感染病原体中,MP、INFB、ADV病原体较为常见,发生率较高,常合并感染,该疾病具有一定的季节流行性,同时与年龄和病原体的检出情况密切相关。

Objective To investigate the epidemiology and etiology of acute respiratory infection in children.Methods A total of 796 children with acute respiratory infections admitted to our hospital from April 2016 to February 2018 were enrolled.Seven IgM antibodies against respiratory pathogens were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Among 796 children,522 cases had pathogens,and the detection rate was 65.58%.The pathogen with the highest detection rate was MP,followed by ADV and INFB.There were 148 cases with two or more pathogen infections.The concomitantly infected pathogens were MP+INFB,MP+ADV,MP+INFB+ADV,PIV+MP,MP+RSV;the pathogens were detected in the seasonal positive rate,relatively high in winter and autumn,and lower in summer and spring.The most common pathogens in the four seasons were INFA,RSV,MP and PIV.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The highest detection rate of pathogens was found in children under 1 year old,followed by 1 to 3 years old,3 to 9 years old and 9 to 13 years old.The incidence of infants and young children under 3 years old was higher than that of students and kindergartens.Conclusion MP,INFB and ADV pathogens are common in children with acute respiratory infections,and the incidence is high.They are often associated with infection.The disease has a certain seasonal epidemic and is closely related to the detection of age and pathogens.