水酶法提取油茶籽油的优劣势与工艺研究

Study on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Camellia Seed Oil and Its Processing Technology

茶油含油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸达到80%以上,营养价值高。目前提取油茶籽油常用的技术中,压榨法需要大量的劳动力,并且残油率高;浸提法操作安全要求高,提取成本高,还有溶剂残留,对人体健康不利;水酶法出油率高,操作条件温和,安全无污染,能有效去除油料本身含有的有害物质或抗营养因子,但是成本较高,酶解时间过长,工艺实际操作难度大。本研究在对比了各种提取油茶籽油技术的基础上,对水酶法工艺进行实验分析,得出四种实验酶制剂中,果胶酶的作用效果最显著,实验条件在酶的添加量为2%、时间为4h、温度为50℃,pH值为4.5时,出油率最高。

Tea oil contains more than 80%unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid,and has high nutritional value.Pressing method needs a lot of labor force and high residual oil rate in the common technology of extracting camellia seed oil at present;extraction method requires high safety,high extraction cost,and solvent residue,which is unfavorable to human health;aqueous enzymatic method has high oil extraction rate,mild operation conditions,safe and pollution-free,effective removal of oils contained in the oil itself.Harmful substances or anti-nutritional factors,but the cost is higher,enzymatic hydrolysis time is too long,the actual operation of the process is difficult.On the basis of comparing various techniques of extracting oil from Camellia oleifera seeds,this paper makes an experimental analysis of the hydroenzymatic process,and concludes that pectinase has the most remarkable effect among the four enzymatic preparations;the experimental conditions are that the oil yield is the highest when the enzymatic addition is 2%,the time is 4 h,and the temperature is 50%.