利用高通量测序技术分析民间面引子中的真菌多样性

Analysis of Fungal Diversity in Homemade Sourdough Starters Using High-Throughput Sequencing

面引子是传统面食加工中发酵剂,以前对其微生物的研究大多集中于分离培养法,本实验旨在采用新一代高通量测序技术揭示传统面引子中的真菌群落结构特征。从我国不同地区收集18个民间面引子样品,基于宏基因组采用聚合酶链式反应扩增ITS1区,Illumina MiSeq测序,云平台分析样品中真菌群落。结果表明:18个样品中发现101个操作分类单元,属于真菌界4个门、9个纲、15个目、25个科、38个属、56个种;酿酒酵母是大多数样品中的优势菌;酿酒酵母、Fungi sp.、unclassified_k_Fungi这3个种在所有样品中都存在,而且数量较大;Kazachstania bulder、戴尔凯氏有孢圆酵母、矮小假丝酵母、光滑假丝酵母菌、清酒假丝酵母这5 个种数量较大,但只在单个样品中出现;异常威克汉姆酵母、Alternaria sp.和帚状曲霉数量相对多一些,出现频率较高,在绝大多数样品中都有分布。各样品真菌群落结构相差不大,而且类型和地理分布差异也不明显。

Sourdough starter is a fermentation starter used in the processing of traditional flour food.Most of the previous studies concerning the microbiology of sourdough starter have focused on the isolation and culture of microorganisms.This paper aimed to reveal the characteristics of fungal community structure in traditional sourdough starters by high-throughput sequencing.To analyze the fungal communities in 18 samples collected from different provinces in China,internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS1)regions were amplified with by PCR based on metagenomics and high-throughput sequenced with Illumina MiSeq.Bioinformatics analysis was carried out on Cloud Service Platform.The results showed that a total of 101 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were found in the 18 samples,which were assigned to 56 species in 38 genera in 25 families in 15 orders in 9 classes in 4 phyla.Saccharomyces cerevisiae was predominant in most samples.S.cerevisiae,Fungi sp.and unclassified_k__Fungi were found abundant in all samples.Kazachstania bulder,Torulaspora delbrueckii,Candida humili,Candida glabrata and Candida sake were also abundant,but they only existed in single samples.Wickerhamomyces anomalus,Alternaria sp.and Aspergillus penicillioides were not only abundant but also highly frequent in most samples.The fungal community structures in these samples were not significantly dissimilar,and no significant difference was observed between the different types and geographical origins.