大豆油精炼过程中多环芳烃的迁移规律

Migration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons during the Refining of Soybean Oil

明确大豆油精炼过程多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)风险成分的迁移规律,以便于食品中PAHs的风险防范和控制。通过对大豆油精炼生产中脱胶油、脱酸油、脱色油、脱臭油和对应加工助剂磷酸、烧碱、活性白土以及精炼副产物油脚、皂脚、废白土、脱臭馏出物样品中PAHs组分含量的检测,分析PAHs在大豆油精炼生产中的迁移规律。结果显示:大豆油精炼用加工助剂中均含有PAHs,磷酸、烧碱和活性白土中苯并[a]芘(benzo[a]pyrene,BaP)含量分别为0.95、1.84μg/kg和0.71μg/kg,欧盟限量控制的4种PAHs(PAH4)(苯并[a]蒽、?、苯并[b]荧蒽和BaP)含量为2.81、16.81μg/kg和8.85μg/kg,美国优先控制的16种PAHs(PAH16)含量为26.18、112.61μg/kg和111.85μg/kg;在大豆油水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、蒸馏脱臭过程BaP的脱除率分别为7.57%、23.57%、91.65%,水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、吸附脱色、蒸馏脱臭过程PAH4的脱除率分别为15.93%、10.41%、19.31%、50.91%,PAH16的脱除率分别为15.45%、11.59%、6.66%、52.99%;大豆油精炼副产物油脚、皂脚、废白土、脱臭馏出物中BaP含量分别为0.45、0.90、0.52、12.49μg/kg,PAH4含量分别为10.14、7.39、9.69、300.50μg/kg,PAH16含量分别为261.60、434.49、156.29、2 775.15μg/kg。

The migration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)during the refining of crude soybean oil was investigated so as to prevent and control the risk of the presence of PAHs in foods containing soybean oil.For this purpose,we determined the contents of PAHs in phosphoric acid,caustic soda,activated clay used for degumming,deacidification,decolorization and deodorization of crude soybean oil and the corresponding processed samples as well as those in byproducts such as oil residue,soap stock,waste clay and deodorizer distillate.The results showed that PAHs were found in all refining agents and the benzo[a]pyrene(BaP)contents in phosphoric acid,caustic soda and activated clay were 0.95,1.84 and 0.71μg/kg,respectively.The total contents of 4 EU priority PAHs(benzo[a]anthracene,chrysene,benzo[b]fluoranthene and BaP)were 2.81,16.81 and 8.85μg/kg,and the total contents of 16 USEPA priority PAHs were 26.18,112.61 and 111.85μg/kg in the three agents,respectively.The removal rates of BaP during degumming,deacidification and deodorization were 7.57%,23.57%and 91.65%,respectively.The removal rates of 4 EU priority PAHs during degumming,deacidification,decolorization and deodorization were 15.93%,10.41%,19.31%and 50.91%,respectively,and the removal rates of 16 USEPA priority PAHs were 15.45%,11.59%,6.66%and 52.99%,respectively.The contents of BaP in oil residue,soap stock,waste clay and deodorizer distillate were 0.45,0.90,0.52 and 12.49μg/kg,respectively.The contents of 4 EU priority PAHs in these by-products were 10.14,7.39,9.69 and 300.50μg/kg,respectively.The contents of 16 USEPA priority PAHs were 261.60,434.49,156.29 and 2 775.15μg/kg,respectively.