残疾人庇护性就业模式发展的困境——以广州市番禺区康园工疗站为例

Development Dilemma Analysis of the Disabled s Sheltered Employment Mode-A Case Study of Kangyuan Work Therapy Station at Panyu District,Guangzhou

庇护性就业模式作为一种针对智力、精神残疾人的就业模式,对促进残疾人的身体康复和就业培训产生了重要作用。工疗站是立足于社区、为精神病患者和智力残疾人提供以职业康复训练为主要形式的康复及庇护性就业的残疾人社会福利服务机构。本文以广州市番禺区康园工疗站为例,通过采用参与观察和深度访谈的调查方法,阐述工疗站的生存现状,并围绕政府、残联、企业、工疗站、残疾人等多元主体间的互动关系,进一步分析庇护性就业模式发展中面临的目标选择、政策制定、人力资源、课程实施等方面的困境。这些困境实际上折射出工疗站作为民办非企业单位进退两难的处境和政府在庇护性就业模式中部分职能缺失的问题。这启示我们反思政府“自上而下”的政策制定模式,探讨如何发挥政府在庇护性就业模式中的资源统筹和利益协调作用,为残疾人群体提供更优质的公共服务。

As an employment mode aiming at people with intelligence and mental disabilities,sheltered employment mode plays an important role in promoting the disabled s rehabilitation and job training.Work Therapy Station is a community-based social welfare service agency for the disabled,and it provides the psychiatric patients and intellectual disabled people with rehabilitation training and sheltered employment.This article takes Kangyuan Work Therapy Station at Panyu district,Guangzhou as an example,describe the difficulties of goal selection,decision-making,human resources and curriculum implementation it faces under the sheltered employment mode by the survey methods of participant observation and in-depth interviews.Actually these difficulties not only reflect the dilemma of work therapy station as a private non-enterprise organization,but also reflect that the government didn t fully take the responsibilities under sheltered employment mode.Therefore,we should reflect on government s top-down policy-making model,and explore on how to make government work on integrating resources and coordinating interests on the sheltered employment mode in order to provide better public service for the disabled.