影响药物治疗的疗效和不良反应的内因和外因

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Relative to the Efficacy and Adverse Reactions with Drug Therapy

影响药物治疗反应(主要指疗效和不良反应)的因素包括内因(如患者的生理因素、体质因素、病理因素和人文因素等)和外因(如疾病的病因和诱因、药物治疗方案及其执行以及社会环境因素等)。内因是基础,外因是条件,外因通过内因而起作用。内因和外因是相对的,并非一成不变。在制定药物治疗方案时,治疗方向和目标既要针对外因,又不能忽视内因。在实施药物治疗方案时,既要重视医务人员的规范,又要关注患者的教育和指导;既要监测疾病的改善,也要观察患者抵抗力的变化。在分析和处理药学问题时,既要从外因如治疗方案的设计和实施上去找原因,也要重视内因的变化对治疗反应的影响。

Factors influencing the drug therapy response(mainly referring to the efficacy and adverse reactions)include intrinsic factors(such as physiological factors,constitutional factors,pathological factors and humane factors)and extrinsic factors(such as etiology and pathogenesis,drug treatment program its implementation,and the social-environmental factors).The intrinsic factors are the bases,as for the extrinsic factors are the conditions.The intrinsic factors play their roles through the extrinsic factors,and both could transform each other.When formulating therapeutic regimes,we should pay attention to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors for the treatment directions and goals.When implementing therapeutic regimes,we should regard not only to the operation of medical staff,but also to the compliance of patients,and not only to monitor the improvement of disease,but also to observe the change of patient's defensive power.When analyzing and dealing with pharmaceutical problems,we should either looking for the reasons from the extrinsic factors(such as the design and implementation of therapeutic regimes),or thinking highly of the influence of changes in intrinsic factors on treatment response.