双向贸易更有利于促进企业创新吗?

Can the Two-way Trade Do Better in Enhancing the Innovation Capability of Enterprises?

本文采用中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库所匹配的企业样本,借助倾向得分匹配法研究双向贸易在促进企业创新方面是否存在与单向贸易不同的特征。研究结果表明,双向贸易企业在创新集约边际和扩展边际方面均优于单向贸易企业,双向贸易更有利于促进企业创新,且该结论不受匹配方法的影响,具有稳健性;双向贸易对不同行业企业创新的集约边际和扩展边际的影响存在显著差异,双向贸易对机械电子类企业创新能力的影响程度最大;对于一般贸易、加工贸易和混合贸易等贸易类型,双向贸易企业的创新能力均优于单向贸易企业;双向贸易更有利于促进企业创新的内在影响机理,可以从规模经济效应、竞争促进效应、资本积累效应和技术溢出效应四个方面来解释,本文最后给出基本结论与政策启示。

Based on the matching samples of China s Industrial Enterprise Database and the Custom Database,the paper studies if two-way trade can do better in enhancing the innovation capability of enterprises than one-way trade by using propensity score matching method.The results show that,the two-way trade enterprises are superior to the one-way trade enterprises in both intensive margin and expansion margin of innovation,and the two-way trade is more conducive to promoting enterprise innovation,and the conclusion is not affected by the matching method.The two-way trade behavior has different effects in different industries.The two-way trade enterprises are superior to the one-way trade enterprises in innovation in spite of trade categories,which can be explained from four aspects:scale economies effect,competition promotion effect,capital accumulation effect and technology spillover effect.