现代海洋法体系与中国的实践

Modern System of the Law of the Sea and China's Practice

依据海洋规则维系海洋秩序,包括合理地开发和利用海洋的空间和资源,是国际社会的普遍要求。在现代海洋法体系中,《联合国海洋法公约》(《公约》)的全面性与综合性彰显了其地位的独特重要性。本文梳理了《公约》的发展阶段,在分析其主要内容、核心原则后,归纳了中国以《公约》所蕴含的原则和精神在制定和完善国内海洋法体系中的具体实践,指出我国海洋法体系中存在的问题和面临的挑战。迈入新时代,我国应在维系和构建海洋秩序、制定和实施海洋规则中实现角色和定位的转换。这种转换具有艰巨性和困难性,要实现这些目标,必须强化国内海洋体制机制建设,因为这是建设海洋强国的必由之路。

It is a general requirement in the international community that the marine order should be maintained in accordance with the rules of the sea,including the rational exploitation and utilization of the ocean s space and resources.In the modern system of the law of the sea,the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)demonstrates the unique importance of its status for the comprehensiveness and integrity of its content.This paper reviewed the development stages of the UNCLOS.After analyzing its main content and core principles,it summarized China s specific practices in formulating and improving the system of domestic law of the sea with the principles and spirits contained in the UNCLOS,and pointed out China s existing problems and challenges.In the new era,China should transform its role in maintaining and building the international marine order as well as the international law-making and implementation in the future.Such a transformation is difficult and demanding time.To achieve these goals,strengthening the construction of domestic system of the law of the sea is of great importance because it is an unavoidable path to build a maritime power.