武装冲突下文化遗产法的新发展——联合国安理会相关决议评析

Recent Developments on Cultural Heritage Law in Armed Conflict:Analysis on Relevant Resolutions Adopted by the United Nations Security Council

虽有《关于发生武装冲突时保护文化财产的公约》及其议定书等文件,文化遗产在武装冲突下持续遭到破坏和掠夺,近些年尤甚,这引发了联合国安理会的关注。安理会不仅频频在决议中纳入保护文化遗产的内容,而且在2017年通过了专门针对文化遗产的联合国安理会第2347号决议。安理会决议丰富了武装冲突下文化遗产法的内容,将文化遗产的保护提升至维护国际和平与安全的高度,强化了非国际性武装冲突下文化遗产的保护,且强调运用刑法阻止文化遗产的破坏和非法交易行为。相对于条约、习惯等其他的规则,安理会决议具有一定的优势。但是,安理会决议亦有其局限性。保护武装冲突下的文化遗产仍是一个长远的议题,需要国际社会的持续关注。

The destruction and looting of cultural heritage has been the concern of the UN Security Council in recent years with the rise of mistreatment of cultural heritage in armed conflict despite the existence of Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its protocols.In response to the challenges,the UN Security Council has adopted several resolutions which include articles related to cultural heritage,especially the resolution 2347 which is the first resolution to focus exclusively on cultural heritage.The resolutions are of great importance to international cultural heritage law in armed conflict.Comparing with international conventions and customs,the Security Council resolutions highlight the connection between cultural heritage and international peace and safety,enhance the protection of cultural heritage in non-international armed conflict,and put emphasis on applying criminal law to prevent the destruction and illicit trafficking of cultural heritage.However,it is a long-term task for protection of cultural heritage during armed conflict and demands the sustained attention of international community due to the shortcomings of the resolutions.