地方政府自主性与流域水资源管理的政治——以江西省鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程建设为例

Local Governments Autonomy and Poltics Wtershed Management: An Analysis of Construction of Poyang Lake Hydro Project,Jiangxi Province

流域水资源管理的目标是保障地方民众利益、实现水资源的可持续利用以支撑经济社会可持续发展。但是我国流域水资源管理体制在实践中有着多种弊端。前人关于流域治理的研究试图从行政管理体制优化的层面寻找解决流域管理弊端的方案。本文引入政治社会路径,从竞争性政治的角度对流域水资源管理过程中地方政府控制水资源的动机、外部环境和谈判过程等各方面进行考察。通过对江西省鄱阳湖水利枢纽建设过程的研究,我们发现,地方政府通过杠杆策略,在流域水资源管理体制中获得主导权,本文将其称为央地间流域管理权力倒置。本文最后试图从解决流域管理权力倒置入手,提出了政策建议。

The purpose of watershed management is the protection of local people s interests,sustainable usage of water resources,and support to a sustainable local economy and social development.In order to find a solution,previous literature of watershed governance focus on solving administrative problems of watershed management.This paper follows the political sociology approach,trying to observe the process of watershed management from a contestation political process,including the motivation of local government s water control strategy and negotiation and renegotiation process.This paper takes the Construction of Poyang Lake Hydro Project as an example.From the research,I found that local government of Jiangxi Province has a motivation of domination of economy development.The local government uses national planning as leverage,and cede power and interests,through which they promote the Poyang Lake Hydro Project.I call it as a phenomenon of power upside-down.At the end,this paper tries to start from the power inversion phenomenon,proposes policy advices,in order to solve the upside-down power of watershed management.