论王龙溪的“虚寂感通”思想

On Wang Longxi's Thoughts of “Stillness and Activity,Sensing and Effecting”

以虚、寂、无、空等形容良知本体,是王龙溪(王畿)思想的显著特征。对于虚的理解,二程提出虚即本心实于天理、不受外物干扰的状态。这一观念亦适用于龙溪。空、虚不仅是良知的本质,亦是良知发用的前提条件。进而王龙溪认为,虚寂的良知本体需要以外在的发用为指向,良知的外在发用亦需要虚寂的良知为根据。基于这种寂感不离的观点,龙溪提出"寂非内,感非外","寂非静,感非动"的论断,皆强调学者的为学工夫不能割裂寂感,保持良知本体与发用的统一。

Wang Longxi s thoughts are characterized by the description of Innate Knowledge through words,such as Emptiness,Stillness,etc.When it comes to the interpretation of Emptiness,Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao regarded it as the status that the Heart-mind is occupied by Absolute Principle,and not interrupted by exterior things,which is taken by Wang Longxi.Moreover,Emptiness is not only the nature of Innate Knowledge,but also the necessary condition of real activity of Innate Knowledge.Wang Longxi also believed that Innate Knowledge should unfold as an exterior thing,and the meaning of the exterior thing is based on the Innate Knowledge.From this perspective,Wang further proposed that“Innate Knowledge is not inner,and its activity is not outer”,“Innate Knowledge is not stable,and its activity is not acting”.All these arguments mentioned above indicate that the nature and the activity should not get divided,Innate Knowledge and real activity unified.