心性之学与当代儒学的世界化——《为中国文化敬告世界人士宣言》发表60周年评议

The Learning of the Heart-mind and Globalization of Confucianism Today——Reflections on the 60th Anniversary of the Publication of“A Manifesto on the Reappraisal of Chinese Culture”

60年前唐君毅、牟宗三、徐复观、张君劢四先生发表《为中国文化敬告世界人士宣言》,将儒家心性之学作为中国学术文化的本源和核心。这一观点需要得到认真的质疑和反思:儒家学说的核心是功夫论,故应以功夫看本体论之必要性,而不是以本体论出发论证其功夫之可能性。宋明儒以本体论为儒家学说建立"超越的安立transcendental justification",从社会政治层面而言是成功的,但从学理的层面看很难成立。在当代语境当中,儒学需要说明儒家心性之学本质上不是反映形上实在的镜子,而是提升人的境界与功夫的杠杆,方能既不致误解儒学精髓,又能使儒学显示其内在价值,成为当代世界文化的建构资源。

60 years ago,Tang Junyi(Tang Chun-I),Mou Zongsan(Mou Chung-san),Xu Fuguan(Hsu Foo-kwan)and Zhang Junmai(Carson Chang)published“A Manifesto on the Reappraisal of Chinese Culture”.The“Manifesto”takes the Confucian“learning of the heart-mind”as the origin and the core of the Chinese culture.Through examining the position and the function of the learning of the heart-mind within the Confucian tradition,this paper challenges the view of the“Manifesto”.It argues that,since Confucianism is fundamentally a Gongfu Theory,we must view the Confucian ontology of the heart-mind from the Gongfu perspective,rather than arguing the possibility of Gongfu from its ontology.The purpose of the former is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Confucian Gongfu guided by its ontology,while the purpose of the latter is to prove the existence of the ontological substance that makes Gongfu possible.Although Song-Ming neo-Confucians were successful in using theories of the heart-mind as transcendental justification for Confucianism in the social-political dimension,their theories,treated as such,would be problematic.Even Mencius distinction between human and animal,which is a core argument for the theories of the heart-mind,would entail serious logical fallacies.In the context of today s world,Confucian scholars must make it clear that the Confucian learning of the heart-mind is not a mirror that reflects metaphysical reality,but a lever that uplifts human vision and Gongfu.Only then can the real value of Confucianism appreciated and truly become a constructive resource for global culture.