短时有氧运动对焦虑女大学生情绪调节能力的影响:机制及影响因素

Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Emotion Regulation Ability in Female College Students with Anxiety:Potential Mechanism and Influencing Factors

探讨短时有氧运动对焦虑女大学生无意识、有意识情绪调节能力的影响,并进一步探究短时有氧运动影响情绪调节的潜在心理机制和影响因素。方法:以74名焦虑女大学生为研究对象,随机分为试验组(36人)和控制组(38人)。试验组进行短时有氧运动,控制组完成主动拉伸以进行对照;采用Flanker、2-back和More-odd shifting任务以及情绪评价任务,评估被试基线与运动干预后抑制、刷新、转换功能水平及情绪调节能力,采用正负情绪量表、焦虑自评量表,评估被试基线与运动干预后的情绪与焦虑水平。重复测量方差分析结果显示,短时有氧运动显著改善了刷新、转换功能,以及无意识认知重评能力,而控制组中没有发现显著的变化。结构方程模型结果显示,中介模型拟合程度良好(χ2=9.702,df=3,CFI=1.00,TLI=1.00,RMSE=0.00,SRMR=0.00,AIC=214.05),表明刷新功能在短时有氧运动改善无意识认知重评能力中起中介作用。有调节效应的中介模型显示(AIC=212.989<214.05),该模型拟合程度比原中介模型有所改善,即有氧适能水平在该中介模型中起调节作用,且调节效应作用于短时有氧运动改善无意识认知重评能力的直接路径。结论:(1)短时有氧运动显著改善了焦虑女大学生执行功能和情绪调节能力,但对情绪和焦虑程度的改善效果不明显;(2)刷新功能在短时有氧运动改善无意识认知重评能力过程中起中介作用;(3)有氧适能在短时有氧运动对无意识认知重评能力的改善中起调节作用,具体来说,有氧适能水平越低,短时有氧运动对无意识认知重评的改善效果越好。最后,提出了一种可以解释运动改善情绪调节的基本观点,未来的研究应结合认知神经科学的方法以证实该观点的合理性。

The aims of the study are to examine effects of acute aerobic exercise on explicit and implicit emotion regulation ability in female college students with anxiety,in addition to explore the potential mechanism and influencing factors.74 female college students with anxiety were randomly divided into experimental group(n=36)and control group(n=38)acute aerobic exercise was implemented in experimental group,and extensional motion for control.Flanker,2-back,More-odd shifting and emotion regulation tasks were used to assess the executive function and emotion regulation ability,moreover Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Positive-Negative Affect Scale were used assess anxiety and affect during baseline and after acute aerobic exercise.Two-ways repeated ANOVA show that acute aerobic exercise improve updating of working memory,switching and implicit ability to cognitive reappraisal,not in control group.SEM showed thatχ2=9.702,df=3,CFI=1.00,TLI=1.00,RMSE=0.00,SRMR=0.00,AIC=214.05,indicating updating of working memory mediate the effect of acute aerobic exercise on implicit ability to cognitive reappraisal.Moderated mediation model(AIC=212.989<214.05)showed higher fitting degree,indicating aerobic fitness moderate the effect,specifically in the direct pathway from acute aerobic exercise to implicit ability to cognitive reappraisal.Acute aerobic exercise improved executive function and implicit emotion regulation ability in female college students with anxiety,however no effect on anxiety and affect.Updating of working memory mediated the effect of acute aerobic exercise on implicit ability to cognitive reappraisal.Aerobic fitness moderate the mediation effect,specifically with higher effect in the presence of higher aerobic fitness.A potential mechanism and future direction are also discussed in the end.