扰动性太极拳对老年女性下肢肌力、本体感觉及抗跌倒风险的干预效果

Effect of Perturbation Tai Chi Exercise on Lower Extremities Strength,Proprioception and the Risk of Fall in Elderly Women

目的:利用水作为扰动因素来构建扰动性太极拳,比较扰动性太极拳与非扰动性太极拳对老年女性跌倒风险干预效果的优劣。方法:43例老年女性随机分为扰动组(n=22)与对照组(n=21)。扰动组做扰动性太极拳练习,对照组做非扰动性太极拳练习,试验共进行12周。试验前后分别测试2组受试者下肢肌力、本体感觉、平衡能力和跌倒指数。结果:(1)2组受试者试验后30 s连续坐椅次数均显著增加(P<0.05),且2组间无差异;(2)对照组试验后运动觉显著降低(P<0.05),扰动组试验后被动位置觉、主动位置觉及运动觉均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),且3项指标均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);(3)对照组试验后动态平衡得分(Total Score)、左右向平衡率(RLR)及跌倒指数(FI)显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);扰动组试验后动态平衡能力各指标及跌倒指数均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);扰动组Total Score、前后向平衡率(FBR)及FI显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:扰动性太极拳练习能显著增强老年女性下肢肌力、本体感觉及动态平衡能力,降低跌倒风险,且更优于非扰动性太极拳。

Objective:Using water as a disturbing factor to construct perturbative Tai Chi,compared the difference of effect on fall risk in elderly women between perturbation Tai Chi and non-perturbing Tai Chi.Methods:Forty-three elderly women were randomly assigned to a perturbation group(n=22)and a control group(n=21).Perturbation Tai Chi exercises were performed in the perturbation group and non-perturbative Tai Chi exercises were performed in the control group for a total of 12 weeks.Before and after the experiment,the muscle strength of the lower limbs,proprioception,balance ability and fall index of the two groups were tested.Results:(1)The number of standing-up within 30 seconds after the experiment was significantly increased in both groups(P<0.05),and there was no difference between the two groups;(2)The motor sensation in the control group was significantly decreased after the experiment(P<0.05);The passive position perception,active position perception and motor sensation were significantly decreased in the perturbation group(P<0.05 or P<0.01);All three indexes were significant lower than the control group(P<0.05);(3)After the experiment,the scores of dynamic balance,right-left ratio(RLR)and fall index(FI)were significantly decreased in the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01);After the experiment,the indexes of dynamic balance of the disturbance group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);The total score,front-back ratio(FBR)and FI of the perturbation group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Perturbation Tai Chi exercise can significantly enhance the lower limb muscle strength,proprioception and dynamic balance of elder women,reduce the risk of falls,and is more superior to non-perturbative Tai Chi.