大菊头蝠回声定位声波与激进叫声特征

The characteristics of echolocation and aggressive calls of the Woolly horseshoe bat(Rhinolophus luctus)

大菊头蝠是一种大型的菊头蝠科蝙蝠,经常独居或成对生活,数量稀少,不易捕获,其声学信息十分缺乏。2016年5月于河南省内乡县七里坪乡北湾村一人工隧道(N33°22',E111°55')内采集到1只雄性大菊头蝠(前臂长69.24 mm,体重13.1 g),采用超声波监听仪Sound Gate 116录制其回声定位叫声和激进叫声声波,并采用声谱分析软件Avisoft-SASLab Pro version 5.1进行声波分析。大菊头蝠回声定位声波主频约为31.8 k Hz,激进叫声包括两种简单音节(BNBl、bUFM)和一种组合音节(NB-UFM)。这3种音节组合成6种短语,一般以BNBl音节开头,BNBl音节或NB-UFM音节作为中间音节,最后以NB-UFM音节或bUFM音节结尾。短语多以双音节、三音节、四音节短语为主,而多音节短语的数量比较少,可能有利于节省能量,且符合Morton动机-结构规则。大菊头蝠回声定位声波和激进叫声的报道,为该物种的声通讯行为的进一步研究提供了一定的基础数据。

The woolly horseshoe bat(Rhinolophus luctus),a large Rhinolophidae species,is vast unknown in its acoustic information,because of its smaller population.Echolocation and aggressive calls of a male R.luctus(Forearm 69.24 mm,Weight 13.1 g),which was captured in an artificial tunnel in Beiwan Village(N33°22′,E111°55′),Qiliping Country,Neixiang Town,Henan Province in May 2016,were recorded by ultrasound recorder(Sound Gate 116,Avisoft Bioacoustics,Germany),and analyzed by Avisoft-SASLab Pro version 5.1.The peak frequency of echolocation calls is about 31.8 kHz.Its aggressive calls contain two simple syllables(BNBl,bUFM)and one composite syllable(NB-UFM),forming 6 types of phrases.The phrases,in general,begin with BNBl syllable,and end with NB-UFM or bUFM syllable;BNBl or NB-UFM syllable will occur as middle syllables in the longer phrases.Most of these phrases,only consisting with 2,3,or 4 syllables,indicating that shorter phrases could save energy.The aggressive calls of R.luctus also conform to accord the Morton motivation-structural rules.This work supports basic data for the further research in the acoustic communication of R.luctus.