德国小城镇收缩研究——以萨克森州为例

Research on the Shrinking of Small Cities in Germany: A Case Study on Sachsen

本文以德国小城镇收缩现象为研究对象,对德国小城镇的分类、收缩定义、评价指标体系及小城镇的收缩现象进行了梳理。接着,选取收缩状况最为严重的萨克森州,重点考察了该州145个小城镇,通过收缩评价体系中人口和经济两方面六个指标(人口数量变化、人口净迁移量变化、劳动力数量变化、就业率变化、失业率变化和营业税变化),系统地分析了萨克森州小城镇的收缩特征和影响因素。研究表明,萨克森小城镇整体收缩严重,但人口收缩的小城镇仍然可以实现经济增长。收缩研究有助于提升小城镇规划政策的科学性和规划行动的精准度。

This study focuses on the phenomenon of city shrinking in Germany,and organizes information about the category of German small cities,definition of city shrinking,evaluation criteria and shrinking phenomenon.Then,taking the state of Sachsen,with the most serious shrinking condition,as the case study,we conducted the survey across 145 small cities and towns based on two perspectives of population and economy,as well as six indicators of the society,including the changes in the population,net migration volume,labor force,employment rate,unemployment rate and business tax.Subsequently,the systematical analysis of the city shrinking features and its influencing factors are presented.It is shown in the study that the small cities and towns in Sachsen are contracted seriously.Despite of the population shrinkage,however,those cities could also achieve the economic growth.Thus,the research on shrinking contributes to improving the effectiveness of small cities'policy-making and the accuracy of implementation planning.