叶面喷施生物复合剂对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of Foliar Spray Biological Compound Agent on Agronomic Characters and Yield in Winter Wheat

为探讨小麦生育关键期叶面喷施微生物复合营养剂赛苗旺对小麦植株生长和产量提高的调控效应,分别在许昌长葛市农业科学研究所试验地(34°22′N,113°77′E)、新乡市新乡县大西庄村农户试验地(35°16′N,113°52′E)进行田间试验,以半冬性品种郑麦379为供试材料,在小麦主要生长发育期调查记载不同处理的株高、次生根、叶色、病虫害等农艺性状指标,于成熟期考察其产量及产量构成因素。结果表明,在小麦生长发育中后期叶面喷施赛苗旺复合营养剂对小麦植株茎高、病虫害防御起到一定的积极作用,并且还具有保持叶片持绿、延迟叶片衰退的作用,但对小麦植株根系的发育作用效果不大。通过对产量及产量构成因素进一步分析发现,与叶面喷施清水处理相比,2个试验地的常规施肥、喷施赛苗旺处理在成穗数、千粒质量上有所提高,但幅度不明显,然而在穗粒数和产量上分别提高了13.13%,11.44%和6.67%,5.96%,提高幅度较为明显。综上说明,在冬小麦发育中后期叶面喷施赛苗旺复合营养剂主要是通过提高小麦穗粒数来提高产量,且效果显著。

To study the regulation effect of foliar spray biological micro-fertilizer on plant growth and the improvement of yield at pre-jointing and pre-booting stages,field experiments respectively were conducted in the Agricultural Science and Technology Institute of Changge,Xuchang(34°22′N,113°77′E),and the Farmers Test Site in Daxizhuang village of Xinxiang county,Xinxiang(35°16′N,113°52′E)during the 2016-2017 growing season.The experiment involved the wheat cultivar Zhengmai 379.The agronomic characters such as plant height,the number of secondary root,leaf color,diseases and insect pests were recorded during the main growth and development period of wheat,and the yield and yield components were examined at maturity.The results showed that the SMW treatment played an active role in increasing of stem height,and protecting wheat plants from diseases and insect pests,and keeping the leaves green,delaying the leaves recession in the latter development stage.But it had little effect on the development of root.Further analysis found that compared with the spraying water,the grain numbers and grain yields of the SMW-treated plants in two experimental sites respectively increased by 13.13%,11.44%and 6.67%,5.96%,it was very significantly effective.All this suggested that spray SMW treatment could improve the yield by increasing the grain number,and it was very significantly effective.