论战、选择、趋同:晚清民国时期国族建构视域下的中华民族观

Debate,Choice and Convergence: the Chinese National Outlook in the Field of National Construction in Late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China

清末民初,中华民族观的理论主要是围绕建立一个什么样的民族国家而构建。作为清政府反对力量的革命派,基于排满革命的立场,主张满汉对立,强调汉族与满族的民族属性不同,从而提出了"驱除鞑虏,恢复中华"的汉族民族主义革命。面对革命派的革命宣传与民族主义革命,立宪派为了抵制以"排满"为重要特征的革命浪潮,统合全国力量,因此提出五族共和的民族一体融合论。两种不同的中华民族观,基于各自的目标展开论战。随着辛亥革命的胜利,执政的中华民国政府基于维护民族、疆域之基础,选择并正式确定了五族共和的中华民族观。及至抗日战争,中华民族共同体意识和爱国主义为核心的民族精神得到了全民族的认同,对赢得抗日战争的胜利发挥了主导性作用。

In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the theory of the Chinese nation had been constructed around how to build a national country.As the opposition force against the Qing government,the revolutionaries based on revolution to assert opposition between Man and Han,and emphasized the different national attribute between them to propose the Han’s nationalist revolution.Because of the revolutionary propaganda and nationalist revolution,the constitutionalism proposed the integration of nationalities of the five nations republic to unite the whole country power.These two different Chinese national concepts debated for themself.With the victory of the revolution of 1911,the Republic of China government held power and chose the five nations republic as the national concept to protect the nation and the land.When the war of resistance against Japan aggression broke out,the consciousness of the Chinese nation community and patriotism had been identified by the whole nations and had played the leading role to win the war.