精油和低聚糖替代抗生素对公鸡生长性能、养分利用率及免疫性能的影响

Supplementation of essential oil and oligosaccharide substitute of antibiotic on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and immunity of male broilers

文章旨在研究日粮添加低聚糖或不同水平的薄荷精油替代抗生素对肉公鸡生长性能、养分利用率及免疫性能的影响。试验选择1日龄健康、体重接近的Cobb公鸡750只,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只鸡。试验设计5种日粮,基础日粮以玉米-豆粕为主,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加180 mg/kg的维吉霉素,薄荷精油组在基础日粮中添加250和500 mg/kg的薄荷精油,低聚糖组在基础日粮中添加400 mg/kg的果寡糖,试验共开展6周。结果显示:42 d抗生素组公鸡体重最高(P <0.05),抗生素组也显著提高了22～42 d和1～42 d公鸡的日增重和日采食量(P <0.05);与对照组和500 mg/kg薄荷精油组相比,抗生素组和250 mg/kg薄荷精油组显著降低了1～42 d公鸡的料重比(P <0.05)。与对照组和低聚糖组相比,抗生素组和250 mg/kg精油组显著提高了公鸡粗蛋白质的表观消化率(P <0.05);对照组、抗生素组和250 mg/kg精油组较低聚糖组显著提高了粗脂肪的表观消化率(P <0.05)。与抗生素组相比,500 mg/kg薄荷精油组显著提高了十二指肠的隐窝深度(P <0.05),抗生素组十二指肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值最高(P <0.05)。与其他各组相比,低聚糖组显著提高了公鸡28和42 d对抗绵羊红细胞的抗体反应(P <0.05)。结果表明:日粮添加薄荷精油或低聚糖替代抗生素可以改善公鸡的生长性能和免疫性能指标。

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of essential oil and oligosaccharide substitute of antibiotic on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and immunity of male broilers.A total 750 1 d Cobb male broilers at the same body weight were randomly allotted to 5 groups with 5 replicates of 30 broilers.There were 5 diets for the male broilers,namely,the control group was the corn-soybean meal diet,the antibiotic group was addition of 180 mg/kg virginiamycin into the basal diet,the essential oil groups were addition of 250 and 500 mg/kg peppermint oil,and the oligosaccharide group was addition of 400 mg/kg fructooligosaccharide.The trial began from 1 to 42 d.Results showed that the antibiotic group had the highest body weight compared with other groups(P<0.05),and significantly increased the daily weight gain and feed intake of broilers at 22~42 d or 1~42 d(P<0.05).The feed gain ratio was lower in antibiotic group and essential groups at 1~42 d compared with the control group(P<0.05).The digestibility of the crude protein in the control and oligosaccharide groups was lower than the antibiotic and 250 mg/kg essential oil groups(P<0.05).The oligosaccharide group had the lowest digestibility of crude fat among the control,antibiotic and 250 mg/kg essential oil groups.Compared with the antibiotic group,500 mg/kg essential group increased the crypt depth of duodenum(P<0.05),while the villus height and crypt depth ratio were the highest among the groups(P<0.05).The immune response to sheep blood red cell for 28 and 42 d was the highest in the oligosaccharide group among the groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding peppermint oil or fructooligosaccharide to male broilers diet had positive effects on some of the traits measured as alternatives for antibiotic.