甲烷催化裂解制氢和碳纳米材料研究进展

Progress of methane catalytic decomposition for hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials production

甲烷通过催化裂解反应可生成不含碳氧化合物(CO_x)的高纯氢和碳纳米材料(如碳纤维或碳纳米管等),对我国能源结构的调整及新材料的应用具有重要意义。与其他制氢工艺相比,甲烷催化裂解制氢工艺具有反应过程简单、产物清洁无污染、反应成本低等优点,因此该工艺具有重要的工业应用前景。本文重点阐述了催化剂(活性组分、催化剂载体、制备方法等)以及反应条件(催化剂还原条件、空速、反应温度等)对甲烷转化率、氢气产率和碳纳米材料(形貌和产量)的影响并对甲烷催化裂解反应机理、催化剂的失活与再生进行了概述。甲烷催化裂解反应目前仍处于实验室研究阶段,高效催化剂的研制以及流化床反应器的优化是该反应实现工业化应用的必要前提。

Methane catalytic decomposition(MCD)can be utilized to produce high-purity hydrogen without carbon oxygen compounds(COx)and carbon nanomaterials(such as carbon nanofibers or carbon nanotubes).The catalytic decomposition of methane is of great significance to the adjustment of energy structure and application of advanced materials in China.Compared with other hydrogen production process,MCD has advantages such as simple reaction conditions,products without pollution and low cost,etc.Hence,MCD has a considerable application prospect in industry.In this review,the effects of catalysts(active components,carriers,preparation methods,etc)and reaction parameters(reduction of catalyst,space velocity,reaction temperature,etc)on methane conversion,hydrogen yield and carbon nanomaterials(morphology and yield)are discussed in detail.Meanwhile,the mechanism of MCD and the deactivation and regeneration of catalyst were also summarized.At present,the MCD is still at the stage of lab research.The high-performance catalyst and optimize of fluidized bed reactor is the essential prerequisite for the industrial application of MCD.