我国优秀速度攀岩运动员专项攀爬过程的能量代谢和上下肢肌肉表面肌电分析

Energy Metabolism and Surface Electromyography of Muscles in Upper and Lower Limbs During Special Rock Climbing for Elite Speed Rock Climbers

目的:对我国优秀速度攀岩运动员完成15m专项攀爬过程的能量代谢特征以及上下肢肌肉表面肌电信号特征进行分析,以便为运动训练提供参考依据。方法:以12名国家速度攀岩运动员为研究对象,采集运动员运动过程中的心率、血乳酸、表面肌电信号高清摄像机以及视频信号。结果:速度攀爬运动员完成15m攀爬的运动成绩在7. 2~13. 8 s之间。所有运动员完成15m速度攀爬休息3min后的血乳酸水平为5. 2~7. 7mmol/L。所有运动员运动过程中最大心率范围为161~185 beat/min。血乳酸与运动成绩呈正相关(r=0. 59,P=0. 043,R2=0. 35),最大心率与运动成绩之间呈负相关(r=-0. 56,P=0. 056,R2=0. 31)。运动员在攀爬最后阶段其上肢肌肉表面肌电RMS幅值显著增高(P <0. 05),而且左侧上肢屈指肌肌电幅值增加最明显,但下肢肌肉肌电幅值变化不明显。肱二头肌和指屈肌s EMG的MPF显著下降。结论:1)攀岩速度赛运动员是以ATP-CP供能为主,并伴有糖酵解供能,运动成绩低的运动员运动后血乳酸水平较高,同时伴随着稍低的最大心率水平。2)对于速度攀岩运动员来说,在专项攀爬过程中上肢小肌肉群更容易疲劳,下肢肌群未见明显疲劳,而且发现左侧上肢肌肉力量较弱,应该加强左侧上肢小肌群的肌肉力量。

Objective:To monitor the characteristics of energy metabolism and surface electromyography of muscles in upper and lower limbs during special 15m rock climbing of the elite speed rock climbers in China to provide the reference for the exercise training.Methods:Twelve national speed rock climbers were recruited in this study,whose heart rate,blood lactic acid,surface electromyography,and video signals were recorded during their climbing.Results:the elite speed rock climbers performed 15m rock climbing with a climbing performance ranged from 7.2 to 13.8 s.The blood lactic acid after 3 min accomplishing the 15m rock climbing was 5.2?7.7mmol/L.The maximal heart rate range of all athletes during the climbing was from 161 to 185 beat/min,and there was a positive correlation between the blood lactic acid and the climbing per-formance(r=0.59,P=0.043,^2=0.35).Moreover,the maximal heart rate during the climbing showed negative correlation with the climbing performance(r=-0.56,P=0.056,^2=0.31).In addition,the sEMG RMS amplitude of the upper limb muscles significantly increased during the last phase of climbing(P<0.05),with a remakable increase of the RMS for the flexor digitornm muscle.But the RMS of the lower limb muscles showed no significant changes.Conclusions:1)The athletes in lower level show a higher blood lactic acid,accompanying by a lower maximal heart rate,indicating that the 15m speed rock climber are mainly supplied by ATP-CPand accompanied by the glycolysis.2)For the speed rock climbers,small muscles in the upper limb are easy to be fatigue and in the lower limb are not;moreover,the left muscles in the upper limb ae weak and should be strengthened.