生物炭与化肥互作对土壤含水率与番茄产量的影响

Coupling Effect of Biochar and Fertilizer on Soil Water Content and Tomato Yield

为探明生物炭与化肥互作对土壤含水率与番茄产量的影响,设置5个生物炭水平:0 t/hm2(B1)、10 t/hm2(B2)、20 t/hm2(B3)、40 t/hm2(B4)、60 t/hm2(B5),2个化肥水平:中肥(F1)和低肥(F2),进行大田试验。结果表明:0~20 cm土层土壤含水率均随生物炭施用量增加呈增大趋势;番茄生长阶段,0~20 cm高炭处理增幅显著,其中B4F1处理增幅达40%; 20~40 cm土壤含水率与0~20 cm变化规律恰好相反,与对照相比,施炭处理土壤含水率均呈下降趋势,其中B4F1和B4F2含水率最低,为对照的70%。施加生物炭后土壤含水率变化幅度(Ka)和变异程度(Cv)减弱,同一深度土壤随着施炭量增加Ka和Cv均减小。与对照相比,较高施炭处理(B4F1、B4F2、B5F1、B5F2)变异系数Cv相对较小。随着番茄生长,土壤含水率在垂直剖面影响表现为较高施炭量(B4F1、B4F2、B5F1、B5F2)能有效保持耕作层有效水分,与对照相比差异显著。随着施炭量增加,番茄产量增幅呈现先升高、后降低的趋势,且均高于对照。B4F1、B4F2、B5F1、B5F2分别增加46. 34%、58. 61%、49. 63%和39. 18%,其中B4F2产量最高。同一施炭处理、不同施肥处理间差异不显著。研究成果可为内蒙古半干旱地区农业生产提供依据。

To explore the effects of biochar and fertilizer interaction on tomato soil moisture content and yield,five biochar levels were set at 0 t/hm 2(B1),10 t/hm 2(B2),20 t/hm 2(B3),40 t/hm 2(B4)and 60 t/hm 2(B5);two fertilization levels were set at mid-fertilizer(F1)and low-fertilizer(F2).The results showed that with the increase of biochar application,the soil water content of the high-biochars were increased.Among them,B4F1 was the most significant and was increased by 40%.However,the soil water content in 20~40 cm was opposite to that of 0~20 cm.Compared with the control,it showed a downward trend.Among them,B4F1 and B4F2 had the smallest soil water content,which was only 70%of the control.The overall changing trend of soil water content in 40~80 cm was consistent with that in 20~40 cm.After the application of biochar,the changing range(K a)and variation degree(C v)of soil water content were decreased.For the same depth of soil,with the increase of application rate,the biochar K a and C v appeared decreasing trend.Compared with the control,the C v under high application of charcoal(B4F1,B4F2,B5F1 and B5F2)was relatively small.With the growth of tomatoes,the effect of soil water content on the vertical profile showed that compared with the control the higher application of biochar(B4F1,B4F2,B5F1 and B5F2)effectively maintained the effective water.With the increase of biochar application,the increase in tomato yields was firstly increased and then decreased,and both were higher than that of control.The yield of B4F1,B4F2,B5F1 and B5F2 were increased by 46.34%,58.61%,49.63%and 39.18%,respectively.Among them,the yield of B4F2 treatment was the highest.There was no significant difference in different fertilization treatments.The research results can provide a basis for agricultural production in semi-arid regions of Inner Mongolia.