白蜡外齿茎蜂发生危害初步研究

Preliminary study on the occurrence and damage of Stenocephus fraxini

根据标本信息结合成虫形态鉴定和幼虫DNA分子测序,野外调查白蜡外齿茎蜂Stenocephus fraxini Wei的寄主、分布范围和发生危害情况。结果表明:寄主有美国红梣Fraxinus pennsylvanica、美国白梣F. americana、绒毛白蜡F. velutina、象蜡树F. platypoda、花曲柳F. rhynchophylla、水曲柳F. mandshurica、花白蜡F. ornus、中国白蜡F. chinensis、天山梣F. sogdiana、披针叶白蜡F. baroniana、欧洲白蜡F. excelsior等11种;在北京、天津、河北、山东、山西、陕西、河南、江苏、安徽等9省市有分布。卵孵化后,幼虫就近蛀入梢茎和复叶叶轴;幼虫有原蛀型和倒蛀型2种危害方式导致寄主落叶,复叶青枯和脱落高峰期为5月中旬至6月上旬;枝梢内幼虫自然死亡率高,为41. 3%。提出成虫期挂粘虫板辅以喷药措施,幼虫孵化初期树干注药等防治建议。

According to specimen information combined with adult morphological identification and larval DNA molecule sequencing,the host,distribution range and the occurrence and damage of Stenocephus fraxini Wei were investigated in the field.The results showed that the hosts were Fraxinus pennsylvanica,F.americana,F.velutina,F.platypoda,F.rhynchophylla,F.mandshurica,F.ornus,F.chinensis,F.sogdiana,F.baroniana,F.excelsior,which distributed in 9 provinces and cities-Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Shandong,Shanxi,Shaanxi,Henan,Jiangsu and Anhui.After hatching,the larvae bored nearby into the shoot stem and compound leaf axis.The larvae had 2 borer types that caused the defoliation of hosts,which were the original type and the inverted type.The peak period of the green wilting and falling of compound leaves was from mid-May to early June.The natural mortality rate of the larvae in the shoots reached 41.3%.It was proposed to suspend sticky card traps supplemented with spraying chemicals in the adult stage,and to implement trunk injection during early incubation period of larvae.