动物氨基酸转运与感知系统研究进展

Advances in Animal Amino Acid Transporting and Sensing System

氨基酸转运载体既有转运活性,又可作为感受器发挥胞外氨基酸感知功能。细胞膜上的氨基酸转运载体,尤其是转运大中性氨基酸包括亮氨酸的转运载体,能够通过胞内营养信号通路,包括调控细胞生长的哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1(mTORC1)通路以及被氨基酸饥饿所激活的一般性调控阻遏蛋白激酶(GCN)通路,调控细胞代谢。鉴于氨基酸转运载体的研究对动物营养学的重要性,本文对氨基酸转运载体的分类、氨基酸转运载体介导的氨基酸感知功能及氨基酸转运载体的组织特异性进行综述,以期更好的协助相关研究的发展。

Amino acid transporters have both carrier activity and extracellular amino acid sensing function as a receptor.The amino acid transporters on membrane,especially the transporters of large neutral amino acids including leucine,can regulate cell metabolism through the cellular nutrition signaling pathway:mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)pathway regulating cell growth and general control nonderepressible kinase(GCN)pathway activated by amino acid starvation.Given that the study of amino acid transporters is important to animal nutrition,the classification of amino acid transporters,amino acid sensing function mediated by amino acid transporters and the tissue specificity of amino acid transporters were reviewed to better assisting the development of related research.