高粱组织培养技术研究进展

Research Advances on Tissue Culture Technology of Sorghum

高粱是全球第五大谷类作物,是食品、饲料和加工业的原料,也是一种潜在的能源作物,具有重要的应用价值。然而,通过基因工程技术对高粱进行遗传改良却十分困难,其主要原因是缺乏高效的组织培养体系。结合近年来的研究,从基因型、外植体、培养基、植物激素等影响高粱组织培养的主要因素进行综述,重点讨论了促进高粱再生的策略,并提出解决高粱组培再生困难的两大研究方向:一是深入研究植物再生的遗传及表观遗传机制;二是根据各基因型的代谢特点,进一步优化培养条件,旨为建立高效的高粱组织培养体系提供参考。

Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.Moench)is the fifth most widely planted cereal crop in the world.It is the raw material in food,fodder and processing industry.As well,it has been identified as a potential biofuel crop.Despite the important application value,the genetic improvement of sorghum via genetic engineering technology is very difficult,because there is no highly efficient sorghum tissue culture system.According to recent studies,we reviewed the main factors having great influences on sorghum tissue culture,such as genotypes,explants,media,plant hormones,etc.Importantly,we focused on the strategies which may promote the regeneration of sorghum.At the end,two directions for solving the difficulties in sorghum regeneration via tissue culture are given as:first,the genetic and epigenetical mechanisms of plant regeneration should be studied deeply;second,the culture conditions should be further optimized based on the metabolism characteristic of every genotype.These ideas will be references for the establishment of highly efficient sorghum tissue culture system.